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Regular and Young Investigator Award Abstracts
Biomarkers, Immune Monitoring and Novel Technologies
185 Global and local copy number aberration signatures as prognostic and immunotherapeutic predictors
  1. Xuefeng Wang1,
  2. Tingyi Li2,
  3. Timothy I Shaw1,
  4. Sijie Yao1,
  5. Islam Eljilany1,
  6. Martin D McCarter3,
  7. Abdul Rafeh Naqash4,
  8. Margaret E Gatti-Mays5,
  9. Aakrosh Ratan6,
  10. John Carpten7,
  11. Howard Colman8,
  12. Igor Puzanov9,
  13. Susanne M Arnold10,
  14. Michelle Churchman11,
  15. Patrick Hwu1,
  16. William S Dalton11,
  17. George J Weiner12 and
  18. Ahmad A Tarhini2
  1. 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
  2. 2H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
  3. 3University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
  4. 4Stephenson Cancer Center Oklahoma University, Greenville, NC, USA
  5. 5The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
  6. 6University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
  7. 7USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  8. 8Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
  9. 9Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
  10. 10Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
  11. 11Aster Insights, Hudson, FL, USA
  12. 12Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Abstract

Background Copy number aberrations (CNAs), involving the amplification or deletion of DNA segments, are prevalent in cancer and hold great promise as an alternative approach for predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), complementing established biomarkers such as tumor mutation burden (TMB).

Methods We investigated global and local CNAs in predicting patient survival outcomes, while examining the relationship between CNA status and tumor immune scores determined using gene expression data. Real-world lung cancer genomic data from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) Avatar project, a network of 18 cancer centers utilizing a common protocol (Total Cancer Care protocol; NCT03977402) to which patients provided written informed consent were utilized. We analyzed copy number profiles from a cohort of 1250 lung cancer patients, including 112 patients who underwent ICI treatments. Global CNA signatures included total copy number burden (TCB) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score. Matched gene expression data were analyzed for immune states using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORTx and EcoTyper. Predictive signatures associated with survival outcomes were identified using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression, and the R package Xsurv.

Results Within the entire cohort, a higher TCB showed a significant association with smoking history (P<0.001) and metastatic status (P<0.001). Additionally, it was also significantly associated with poorer overall survival (P<0.001). The top prognostic CNA genes were identified in 1q21.1 (gain) and 22q11.23 (loss). In the ICI-treated cohort, higher HRD score, rather than TCB, were significantly associated with unfavorable survival (P=0.03). According to the univariable Cox model, the two most significant prognostic CNA signatures were FAM231C (1p36.13 gain) and OR4F5 (1p36.33 loss). Utilizing survival boosting (XSurv), the top prognostic aberrant genes were OR11H12 (14q11.2), SLC2A14 (12p13.31), POM121(7q11.23) and NBPF1(1p36.13). The final Xsurv-based predictive model achieved a C-index of approximately 0.8, indicating a strong predictive capability using local CNV information. Immune phenotyping analysis on matched gene expression data revealed that higher TCB or HRD score is significantly associated with the lower overall immune infiltration score as determined by ESTIMATE and suppressed immune states defined by Ecotyper.

Conclusions Collectively, our analysis underscores the potential of utilizing CNA signatures to optimize cancer prognosis and immunotherapeutic outcomes, as demonstrated in the context of lung cancer. Our data indicate that, while both TCB and HRD are closely linked with tumor immune status, only HRD demonstrated predictive value in determining ICI survival outcomes. Further analysis is needed to evaluate the clinical utility of these CNA signatures in other cancer types.

Acknowledgements We are grateful to the participating patients and their family members as well as all research staff supporting the conduct of the Total Cancer Care protocol. Trial Registration: NCT03977402. This project is partly supported by ORIEN NOVA Team Science Award (PI: Ahmad Tarhini, MD, PhD), Moffitt Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, and National Institute of Health grant R01DE030493 (PI: Xuefeng Wang, PhD).

Trial RegistrationTrial Registration NCT03977402

Ethics Approval For this study, ORIEN members utilized a standard protocol, Total Cancer Care (TCC®; NCT03977402), to which patients provided an IRB-approved written informed consent at their participating institutions.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-SITC2023.0185

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