Background In the RUBY trial (NCT03981796), dostarlimab+CP was associated with a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) by investigator assessment (IA) vs placebo+CP, driven predominantly by longer duration of response (DOR) in patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (pA/rEC).¹ Durability of responses led to an early positive trend in overall survival. This study aimed to estimate the number needed to treat (NNT; number of treated patients needed to achieve 1 positive outcome/prevent 1 adverse outcome) and incremental cost associated with achieving these outcomes.

Methods NNT estimates were calculated based on PFS (by IA) and DOR at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and on objective response rate at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. Mean treatment costs (in 2023 US$) were estimated by applying the wholesale acquisition costs for each drug to the average dose and proportion of patients treated at each cycle. Incremental costs per outcome were then calculated by multiplying the difference in mean treatment costs of dostarlimab+CP and placebo+CP by the NNT and normalizing by the number of months at each time point. Analyses were performed for patients with mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) disease and the intention-to-treat (ITT) population to align with the populations assessed in the RUBY primary analysis.

Results The estimated NNT to observe on average 1 additional patient alive and progression free (by IA) at 24 months for dostarlimab+CP vs placebo+CP in the dMMR/MSI-H and ITT populations was 3 and 6 patients, respectively (figure 1A); incremental costs per additional progression-free life-month were $36,124 and $91,973, respectively (table 1). The NNT associated with maintaining 1 additional patient in 24-month response was 3 and 7 in the dMMR/MSI-H and ITT populations, respectively (figure 1B); the incremental costs per additional month of response were $44,334 and $105,112, respectively (table 1). For all endpoints, the NNT and incremental costs generally decreased with longer follow-up; NNT and costs were lower in the dMMR/MSI-H population than in the ITT population.

Conclusions NNT estimates show dostarlimab+CP is a highly effective treatment for patients with pA/rEC. Incremental cost per outcome is in line with immunotherapies reimbursed by payers and represents a good value for money treatment. As chemotherapy is associated with high response rates, cost-per-responder analyses suggest that the value of dostarlimab+CP is largely derived from maintaining patients in response. These results support dostarlimab+CP as a new standard of care for patients with pA/rEC.

Acknowledgements This study was funded by GSK. Medical editorial assistance was provided by ArticulateScience, LLC, and was funded by GSK.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03981796

References

1. Mirza MR, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:2145−2158.

Ethics Approval This study used clinical trial data from the RUBY trial (NCT03981796). The trial adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and all local laws under the auspices of an independent data and safety monitoring committee. All patients provided written informed consent. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from all study sites

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Abstract 589 Figure 1

NNT estimates based on (A) PFS by IA and (B) DOR. Values on the left vertical axis are shown to support the interpretation of the NNTs and Cls on the right vertical axis of each panel. ARR, absolute risk reduction; dMMR/MSI-H, mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability high; DOR, duration of response; IA, investigator assessment; ITT, intention to treat; NNT, number needed to treat; NNTB, number needed to treat (benefit); NNTH, number needed to treat (harm); PFS, progression-free survival.