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  • 628 Circulatory plasma proteomic biomarkers combined with high-throughput proteomic screen of patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids predict responses to immunotherapy in melanoma patients

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Regular and Young Investigator Award Abstracts
Clinical Trial Completed
628 Circulatory plasma proteomic biomarkers combined with high-throughput proteomic screen of patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids predict responses to immunotherapy in melanoma patients
  1. Marijana Rucevic1,
  2. Arnav Mehta2,
  3. Russell W Jenkins3,
  4. Amrita Kar4,
  5. Angelina Cicerchia5,
  6. Or-Yam Revach6,
  7. Yi Sun7,
  8. Ryan Park8,
  9. Alexis Schneider9,
  10. William Michaud3,
  11. Benchun Miao3,
  12. Gyulnara Kasumova10,
  13. Michael Forster11,
  14. Dennie Frederick12,
  15. Michelle Kim13,
  16. Ryan Sullivan14,
  17. Keith Flaherty3,
  18. Nir Hacohen15 and
  19. Genevieve M Boland3
  1. 1Olink Proteomics, Boston, MA, USA
  2. 2Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
  3. 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  4. 4Olink Proteomics, Waltham, MA, USA
  5. 5Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
  6. 6Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
  7. 7Massachusetts General Hospital, Brookline, MA, USA States
  8. 8Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, USA
  9. 9Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
  10. 10Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  11. 11Olink Proteomics, Waltham, MA, USA
  12. 12Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
  13. 13Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hanover, MA, USA
  14. 14Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  15. 15Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

Abstract

Background The majority of patients treated with immunotherapy do not have durable treatment responses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify early non-invasive biomarkers for treatment response.

Methods In this study, we performed plasma proteomic analysis of >700 proteins at three timepoints on 174 metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We then expanded our analyses to >3000 proteins performed on a larger cohort of 250 patients for deeper exploration of baseline and early on-treatment predictive biomarkers for response to ICB treatment. Furthermore, we performed a deep proteomic screen of the secretome obtained from patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids (PDOTS) treated with ICB to validate identified biomarkers and obtain deeper insight into actionable biology of melanoma resistance in a biomimetic tumor microenvironment.

Results As a result, we built a predictor of immunotherapy response that outperforms several tissue-based approaches. From the differentially expressed proteins between ICB responders (R) and non-responders (NR), we identified a co-regulated module of proteins associated with treatment resistance comprising IL-6, IL-8, MIA, LIF and GDF-15 enriched in certain NR patients. By analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing data of tumor biopsies from 32 patients and bulk RNA-sequencing data from 70 patients, we determined the relative contribution of cells in the tumor to proteins in circulation, and associated plasma protein levels with tumor immune microenvironment (TME) phenotypes. The major TME subsets driving the expression of the non-response module proteins were tumor and myeloid cells. Amongst myeloid cells, a subset of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with a suppressive phenotype were identified as potential key drivers of non-response, having the highest expression of all the proteins in the co-regulated NR module.

Conclusions In summary, an integrated longitudinal analyses of circulatory plasma proteins, combined with TME transcriptomics, provides deeper insight into the biology of immunotherapy resistance, and demonstrates prognostic significance and utility of plasma proteomics in biomarker discovery for cancer immunotherapy.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-SITC2023.0628

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