PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sandra García-Mulero AU - M Henar Alonso AU - Julián Pardo AU - Cristina Santos AU - Xavier Sanjuan AU - Ramón Salazar AU - Victor Moreno AU - Josep María Piulats AU - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona TI - Lung metastases share common immune features regardless of primary tumor origin AID - 10.1136/jitc-2019-000491 DP - 2020 Jun 01 TA - Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer PG - e000491 VI - 8 IP - 1 4099 - http://jitc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000491.short 4100 - http://jitc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000491.full SO - J Immunother Cancer2020 Jun 01; 8 AB - Background Only certain disseminated cells are able to grow in secondary organs to create a metastatic tumor. Under the hypothesis that the immune microenvironment of the host tissue may play an important role in this process, we have categorized metastatic samples based on their immune features.Methods Gene expression data of metastatic samples (n=374) from four secondary sites (brain, bone, liver and lung) were used to characterize samples based on their immune and stromal infiltration using gene signatures and cell quantification tools. A clustering analysis was done that separated metastatic samples into three different immune categories: high, medium and low.Results Significant differences were found between the immune profiles of samples metastasizing in distinct organs. Metastases in lung showed a higher immunogenic score than metastases in brain, liver or bone, regardless of their primary site of origin. Also, they preferentially clustered in the high immune group. Samples in this cluster exhibited a clear inflammatory phenotype, higher levels of immune infiltrate, overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) pathways and upregulation of genes predicting clinical response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade (T-cell inflammatory signature). A decision tree algorithm was used to select CD74 as a biomarker that identify samples belonging to this high-immune subtype of metastases, having specificity of 0.96 and sensitivity of 1.Conclusions We have found a group of lung-enriched metastases showing an inflammatory phenotype susceptible to be treated with immunotherapy.