TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotherapy resistance: the answers lie ahead – not in front – of us JF - Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer JO - J Immunother Cancer DO - 10.1186/s40425-017-0212-y VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 10 AU - Miles C. Andrews AU - Jennifer A. Wargo Y1 - 2017/12/01 UR - http://jitc.bmj.com/content/5/1/10.abstract N2 - Mechanisms of innate and adaptive resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy are under intense investigation with a view to broadening the therapeutic potential of this form of treatment. In a recent manuscript by Zaretsky and colleagues, mutational events were identified that effectively crippled ongoing immunotherapy responses in patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. These results are discussed in the light of other recent and ongoing research efforts exploring both mutational and non-mutational resistance mechanisms, highlighting the critical translational importance of longitudinal tumor sampling.Abbreviations:BRAFB-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseCTLA-4Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4HLAHuman leukocyte antigenIFNInterferonIRF1Interferon regulatory factor 1JAKJanus kinasePD-1Programmed death-1PD-L1Programmed death-ligand 1STATSignal transducer and activator of transcriptionTAP1Transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member ER -