RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy for advanced local and systemic conjunctival melanoma: a clinical case series
JF Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
JO J Immunother Cancer
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP 83
DO 10.1186/s40425-019-0555-7
VO 7
IS 1
A1 Paul T. Finger
A1 Anna C. Pavlick
YR 2019
UL http://jitc.bmj.com/content/7/1/83.abstract
AB Background Herein, we describe the use of systemic immunotherapy for both locally advanced and metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Current treatments for advanced conjunctival melanoma typically result in poor local control leading to disfiguring orbital exenteration surgery. Locoregional spread of conjunctival malignant melanoma typically requires pre-auricular and cervical lymph node dissection with post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy. In addition, classic systemic chemotherapy has been unsuccessful in the treatment of metastatic disease.Methods This is a retrospectively analyzed clinical case series of 5 patients with biopsy proven conjunctival melanoma who were treated with checkpoint inhibition therapy. Of these, 3 patients were treated for residual ocular disease present after failing multiple local therapies and refusing orbital exenteration surgery and two (with local ocular control) for metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Both those with locally advanced disease and patients with metastatic disease received an anti-PD1 agent in combination with another immunotherapeutic agent. All 5 were given multiple cycles of systemic anti-PD1 therapy, 1 was initially treated with single agent ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) prior to approval of anti-PD1 agents and two received interferon eye drops. As part of each ophthalmic examination, photographs of all conjunctival and eyelid surfaces were obtained. Systemic evaluations involved initial staging scans as well as periodic re-imaging.Results All cases have shown responses. Of the 2 complete responses, 1 was a patient with systemic disease. No patients developed ocular toxicity or loss of vision. However, systemic adverse effects included adrenal insufficiency, Grade-III colitis, Grade-II dermatitis, Grade-II hepatotoxicity and Grade-II pneumonitis.Conclusions This report suggests that systemic immunotherapy with or without topical interferon is effective in treatment of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Therefore, it can be considered for patients with advanced local conjunctival melanoma, those who refuse orbital exenteration surgery and those with systemic metastasis.Abbreviations:AJCCAmerican Joint Committee on CancerCD8+Cluster of differentiation 8 +CMMConjunctival malignant melanomaCTComputed tomographyCTLCytotoxic T-lymphocytesCTLA4Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Associated protein 4FDAFood and Drug AdministrationIVIntravenousKgKilogramMgMilligramNEDNo Evidence of DiseasePD-1Programmed cell death protein 1PET/CTPositron emission tomography / computed tomographyTNMTumor, Node, Metastasis