Table 1

A total of six studies, collectively reporting on the results of 567 patients, were used for meta-analysis. these included studies of anti-PD1 therapy (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 therapy (duralumab), and anti-CTLA-4 therapy (ipilimumab and tremelimumab). Across the studies, clinical activity was observed across both virally infected and uninfected patients

Study name	Uninfected			HCV, HBV, or co-infection			Reference
Study name	Responses	Total treated	ORR	Responses	Total treated	ORR	Reference
Nivolumab (CheckMate 040)	25	113	0.221	17	101	0.168	El-Khoueiry AB et al 1
Nivolumab+ipilimumab Checkmate 040	5	33	0.152	36	108	0.333	Yau T et al 40
Pembrolizumab (Keynote 224)	13	64	0.203	5	39	0.128	Zhu AX et al 2
Durvalumab+tremelimumab	6	20	0.3	0	20	0	Kelley RK et al 41
Durvalumab	2	22	0.091	2	18	0.111	Wainberg ZA et al 42
Pembrolizumab	4	17	0.235	5	12	0.417	Feun LG et al 43

HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ORR, objective response rate.