Baseline characteristics of the cohort
| Characteristic | Cohort | No AKI | AKI |
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 (51 to 69) | 60 (51 to 70) | 63 (55 to 68) |
| Female (%) | 123 (39.8) | 108 (35) | 15 (4.9) |
| Baseline serum creatinine mg/dL, median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) |
| Baseline eGFR mL/min/1.73 m 2 , median (IQR) | 88 (75 to 99) | 88 (76 to 99) | 90 (72 to 99) |
| Cancer type | |||
| Melanoma (%) | 262 (84.8) | 217 (70.2) | 45 (14.6) |
| Lung (%) | 31 (10.0) | 28 (9.1) | 3 (1.0) |
| Genitourinary (%) | 12 (3.9) | 11 (3.6) | 1 (0.3) |
| Other (lymphoma, ovarian, and colon) (%) | 4 (1.3) | 0 | 4 (1.3) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 8 (2.6) | 3 (1.0) | 5 (1.6) |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 5 (1.6) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (0.3) |
| COPD/asthma (%) | 7 (2.3) | 6 (1.9) | 1 (0.3) |
| Diabetes (%) | 33 (10.7) | 25 (8.1) | 8 (2.6) |
| Hypertension (%) | 105 (34.0) | 73 (23.6) | 32 (10.4) |
| Liver disease (%) | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) | 0 |
| Peptic ulcer disease (%) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| HIV/AIDS (%) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| Hemiplegia/paraplegia (%) | 8 (2.6) | 8 (2.6) | 0 |
| Concomitant medications | |||
| ACEi/ARB (%) | 55 (17.8) | 38 (12.3) | 17 (5.5) |
| PPI (%) | 35 (11.3) | 26 (8.4) | 9 (2.9) |
| Diuretics (%) | 29 (9.4) | 17 (5.5) | 12 (3.9) |
| NSAIDs (%) | 15 (4.9) | 13 (4.2) | 2 (0.6) |
| Steroid (%) | 105 (34.0) | 81 (26.2) | 24 (7.8) |
| Antibiotics (%) | 17 (5.5) | 9 (2.9) | 8 (2.6) |
| Immunotherapy | |||
| Ipilimumab (%) | 219 (70.9) | 194 (62.8) | 25 (8.1) |
| Nivolumab (%) | 54 (17.5) | 49 (15.9) | 5 (1.6) |
| Pembrolizumab (%) | 36 (11.7) | 15 (4.9) | 21 (6.8) |
| Combined immunotherapy (Ipi+Nivo) | 23 (7.4) | 19 (6.1) | 4 (1.2) |
| Other (non-renal) immune-related adverse events (%) | 142 (46) | 104 (40) | 38 (75) |
| Duration of therapy prior to AKI days (IQR) | – | – | 30 (21 to 79) |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AKI, acute kidney injury; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blockers; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Ipi, ipilimumab; Nivo, nivolumab; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI, proton pump inhibitors.