Demographics and clinical characteristics of the Fudan cohort and external validation set of patients with G1/G2 NF-PanNETs
| Characteristics | Fudan cohort (n=182) | External validation set (n=125) | P value |
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Sex | 0.252 | ||
| Male | 87 (47.8) | 60 (48.0) | |
| Female | 95 (52.2) | 65 (52.0) | |
| Age (years) (median) | 53 | 54 | 0.940 |
| Tumor size (mm) | 0.490 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 32.9 (2.0) | 34.7 (2.4) | |
| Median (range) | 29.0 (6.0–95.0) | 30.0 (6.0–137.0) | |
| Location | 0.659 | ||
| Head | 76 (41.8) | 47 (37.6) | |
| Others | 106 (58.2) | 78 (62.4) | |
| Lymph node positive | 0.741 | ||
| Yes | 36 (19.8) | 27 (21.6) | |
| No | 146 (80.2) | 98 (78.4) | |
| Vascular invasion | 0.578 | ||
| Yes | 45 (24.7) | 33 (26.4) | |
| No | 137 (75.3) | 92 (73.6) | |
| Perineural invasion | 0.980 | ||
| Yes | 39 (21.4) | 27 (21.6) | |
| No | 143 (78.6) | 98 (78.4) | |
| AJCC8th TNM stage | 0.819 | ||
| I | 72 (39.6) | 48 (38.4) | |
| II | 74 (40.7) | 50 (40.0) | |
| III | 36 (19.8) | 27 (21.6) | |
| WHO classification | 0.704 | ||
| G1 | 120 (65.9) | 78 (62.4) | |
| G2 | 62 (34.1) | 47 (37.6) | |
| Presence of TLS | 0.223 | ||
| Yes | 65 (35.7) | 46 (36.8) | |
| No | 117 (64.3) | 79 (63.2) |
AJCC8th, 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer; G1/G2, grade 1/grade 2; NF-PanNETs, non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; TLS, tertiary lymphoid structures; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis.