Univariate and multivariate analyzes of PFS
| Variable (Comparator) | PFS | |
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate aanalysis | |
| HR (95% CI); p value | aHR (95% CI); p value | |
| Baseline steroids | ||
| (No) | ||
| Non-cancer indications | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.52); p=0.6370 | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.36); p=0.9681 |
| Cancer indications | 2.02 (1.69 to 2.40); p<0.0001 | 1.72 (1.43 to 2.07); p<0.0001 |
| Systemic antibiotics | ||
| (No) | ||
| Prophylaxis | 2.27 (1.52 to 3.39); p=0.0001 | 1.85 (1.23 to 2.78); p=0.0030 |
| Infection | 1.12 (0.79 to 1.59); p=0.4953 | 0.99 (0.70 to 1.41); p=0.9772 |
| Gastric acid suppressant | ||
| (No) | ||
| Prophylaxis | 1.51 (1.29 to 1.76); p<0.0001 | 1.29 (1.09 to 1.53); p=0.0021 |
| Gastritis/GERD | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.39); p=0.7432 | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.33); p=0.9683 |
| Gastric acid suppressant | ||
| (No) | ||
| H2 antagonists | 1.33 (0.96 to 1.86); p=0.0843 | 1.05 (0.75 to 1.48); p=0.7435 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 1.41 (1.21 to 1.65); p<0.0001 | 1.26 (1.07 to 1.48); p=0.0050 |
| Statins Yes versus no | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.07); p=0.2329 | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.06); p=0.1944 |
| Other lipid lowerings Yes versus no | 1.06 (0.73 to 1.52); p=0.7498 | 1.21 (0.83 to 1.75); p=0.3061 |
| Aspirin Yes versus no | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.06); p=0.1630 | 0.79 (0.64 to 0.98); p=0.0318 |
| Anticoagulants Yes versus no | 1.49 (1.21 to 1.83); p=0.0001 | 1.43 (1.16 to 1.77); p=0.0007 |
| NSAIDs Yes versus no | 1.17 (0.86 to 1.59); p=0.3120 | 1.07 (0.78 to 1.47); p=0.6594 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs Yes versus no | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.07); p=0.2378 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.12); p=0.5113 |
| Calcium antagonists Yes versus no | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.28); p=0.7540 | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.34); p=0.5261 |
| β-blockers* Yes versus no | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.35); p=0.6151 | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.22); p=0.7003 |
| Metformin Yes versus no | 1.16 (0.92 to 1.47); p=0.1868 | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.42); p=0.3059 |
| Other oral anti-diabetics Yes versus no | 1.24 (0.89 to 1.75); p=0.1981 | 1.24 (0.88 to 1.74); p=0.2098 |
| Opioids† Yes versus no | 2.05 (1.56 to 2.71); p<0.0001 | 1.71 (1.28 to 2.28); p=0.0002 |
| Primary tumor | ||
| (NSCLC) | – | |
| Melanoma | 0.60 (0.49 to 0.72); p<0.0001 | |
| Kidney | 0.75 (0.61 to 0.91); p=0.0050 | |
| Others | 0.92 (0.59 to 1.44); p=0.7288 | |
| BMI | ||
| (Normal-weight) | – | |
| Underweight | 1.23 (0.83 to 1.83); p=0.2966 | |
| Overweight | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.13); p=0.6090 | |
| Obese | 0.80 (0.63 to 1.02); p=0.0761 | |
| Gender Male versus female | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.30); p=0.1920 | – |
| Age Elderly versus non-elderly | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.14); p=0.7948 | – |
| Treatment line Non-first versus first | 1.45 (1.23 to 1.70); p<0.0001 | – |
| No of metastatic sites >2 vs ≤2 | 1.51 (1.29 to 1.75); p<0.0001 | – |
| ECOG PS ≥2 vs 0–1 | 1.94 (1.58 to 2.38); p<0.0001 | – |
At the multivariate analysis, each drug category was adjusted for the preplanned key covariates separately.
*Available for 943 patients.
†Available for 921 patients.
ARBs, AngiotensinII receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PFS, progression-free survival.