Univariate and multivariate analyzes of OS
| Variable (Comparator) | Overall survival | |
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
| HR (95% CI); p value | aHR (95% CI); p value | |
| Baseline steroids | ||
| (No) | ||
| Non-cancer indications | 0.95 (0.62 to 1.47); p=0.8477 | 0.85 (0.54 to 1.31); p=0.4691 |
| Cancer indications | 2.76 (2.27 to 3.36); p<0.0001 | 2.16 (1.76 to 2.65); p<0.0001 |
| Systemic antibiotics | ||
| (No) | ||
| Prophylaxis | 2.68 (1.74 to 4.13); p<0.0001 | 1.93 (1.25 to 2.98); p=0.0030 |
| Infection | 1.51 (1.04 to 2.18); p=0.0301 | 1.20 (0.82 to 1.75); p=0.3288 |
| Gastricacid suppressant | ||
| (No) | ||
| Prophylaxis | 1.57 (1.31 to 1.89); p<0.0001 | 1.29 (1.06 to 1.57); p=0.0091 |
| Gastritis/GERD | 1.07 (0.76 to 1.49); p=0.7066 | 0.98 (0.69 to 1.38); p=0.9309 |
| Gastric acid suppressant | ||
| (No) | ||
| H2 antagonists | 1.30 (0.87 to 1.93); p=0.1919 | 1.04 (0.69 to 1.56); p=0.8444 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 1.49 (1.23 to 1.79); p<0.0001 | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.52); p=0.0172 |
| Statins Yes versus no | 0.81 (0.64 to 1.02); p=0.0810 | 0.79 (0.62 to 1.01); p=0.0622 |
| Other lipid lowerings Yes versus no | 1.01 (0.65 to 1.57); p=0.9534 | 1.31 (0.84 to 2.05); p=0.2275 |
| Aspirin Yes versus no | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.19); p=0.6548 | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07); p=0.1713 |
| Anticoagulants Yes versus no | 1.61 (1.27 to 2.03); p=0.0001 | 1.45 (1.14 to 1.84); p=0.0024 |
| NSAIDs Yes versus no | 1.51 (1.07 to 2.11); p=0.0167 | 1.30 (0.92 to 1.83); p=0.1337 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs Yes versus no | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.07); p=0.2204 | 0.91 (0.74 to 1.11); p=0.3798 |
| Calcium antagonists Yes versus no | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.44); p=0.3648 | 1.19 (0.92 to 1.54); p=0.1728 |
| β-blockers* Yes versus no | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.36); p=0.8554 | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.20); p=0.4938 |
| Metformin Yes versus no | 1.31 (1.02 to 1.70); p=0.0413 | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.61); p=0.1040 |
| Other oral antidiabetics Yes versus no | 1.34 (0.91 to 1.97); p=0.1304 | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.85); p=0.2475 |
| Opioids† Yes versus no | 2.14 (1.58 to 2.91); p<0.0001 | 1.53 (1.11 to 2.11); p=0.0098 |
| Primary tumor | ||
| (NSCLC) | – | |
| Melanoma | 0.45 (0.36 to 0.57); p<0.0001 | |
| Kidney | 0.49 (0.38 to 0.63); p<0.0001 | |
| Others | 0.60 (0.33 to 1.10); p=0.0992 | |
| BMI | ||
| (Normal weight) | – | |
| Underweight | 1.51 (0.98 to 2.32); p=0.0590 | |
| Overweight | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.17); p=0.7592 | |
| Obese | 0.78 (0.59 to 1.04); p=0.0981 | |
| Gender Male versus no | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16); p=0.7499 | – |
| Age Elderly versus non-elderly | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.36); p=0.3138 | – |
| Treatment line Non-first versus first | 1.49 (1.23 to 1.80); p<0.0001 | – |
| No of metastatic sites >2 vs ≤2 | 1.51 (1.26 to 1.79); p<0.0001 | – |
| ECOG PS ≥2 vs 0–1 | 2.44 (1.96 to 3.05); p<0.0001 | – |
At the multivariate analysis, each drug category was adjusted for the pre-planned key covariates separately.
*Available for 943 patients.
†Available for 921 patients.
ARBs, Angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PFS, progression-free survival.