Summary of the associations between each drug category and ECOG-PS, burden of disease and BMI
| ECOG-PS (%) | χ2 | No of metastatic sites (%) | χ2 | BMI | χ2 | BMI (continuous) | One-way ANOVA | ||||||
| 0–1 | ≥2 | P value | ≤2 | >2 | P value | ≤18.5 | 18.5–25 | 25–30 | ≥30 | P value | Mean (SD) | F-ratio; P value | |
| Baseline steroids | F(21 005)=3.16; p=0.043 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 671 (89.6) | 78 (10.4) | p<0.0001 | 410 (54.7) | 339 (45.3) | p=0.0014 | 27 (3.6) | 330 (44.1) | 288 (38.5) | 104 (13.9) | p=0.3548 | 25.8(4.5) | |
| Non-cancer indications | 43 (82.7) | 9 (17.3) | 18 (34.6) | 34 (65.4) | 1 (1.9) | 22 (42.3) | 19 (36.5) | 10 (19.2) | 26.9(4.3) | ||||
| Cancer indications | 156 (73.9) | 55 (26.1) | 94 (44.5) | 117 (55.5) | 10 (4.7) | 108 (51.2) | 70 (33.2) | 23 (10.9) | 24.9(4.4) | ||||
| Systemic antibiotics | F(21 005)=0.94; p=0.388 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 815 (87.3) | 78 (10.4) | p=0.0001 | 482 (51.6) | 452 (48.4) | p=0.9826 | 37 (4.0) | 416 (44.5) | 352 (37.7) | 129 (13.8) | p=0.3921 | 25.7(4.5) | |
| Prophylaxis | 19 (63.3) | 9 (17.3) | 15 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 1 (3.3) | 16 (53.3) | 11 (36.7) | 2 (6.7) | 24.5(3.5) | ||||
| Infection | 36 (75.0) | 55 (26.1) | 25 (52.1) | 23 (47.9) | – | 28 (58.3) | 14 (29.2) | 6 (12.5) | 25.5(3.4) | ||||
| Gastric acid suppressant | F(21 005)=2.66; p=0.070 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 422 (90.8) | 43 (9.2) | p<0.0001 | 275 (59.1) | 190 (40.9) | p<0.0001 | 21 (4.5) | 211 (45.4) | 174 (37.4) | 59 (12.7) | p=0.7860 | 25.5(4.5) | |
| Prophylaxis | 93 (93.0) | 7 (7.0) | 189 (42.3) | 258 (57.7) | 13 (2.9) | 201 (45.0) | 166 (37.1) | 67 (15.0) | 24.9(4.3) | ||||
| Gastritis/GERD | 355 (79.4) | 92 (20.6) | 58 (58.0) | 42 (42.0) | 4 (4.0) | 48 (48.0) | 37 (37.0) | 11 (11.0) | 25.9(4.5) | ||||
| Gastric acid suppressant | F(21 005)=0.77; p=0.462 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 422 (90.8) | 43 (9.2) | p<0.0001 | 275 (59.1) | 190 (40.9) | p<0.0001 | 21 (4.5) | 211 (45.4) | 174 (37.4) | 59 (12.7) | p=0.7860 | 25.5(4.5) | |
| H2 antagonists | 44 (78.6) | 7 (7.0) | 189 (42.3) | 258 (57.7) | 13 (2.9) | 201 (45.0) | 166 (37.1) | 67 (15.0) | 25.3(3.4) | ||||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 404 (82.3 | 92 (20.6) | 58 (58.0) | 42 (42.0) | 4 (4.0) | 48 (48.0) | 37 (37.0) | 11 (11.0) | 25.8(4.6) | ||||
| Statins | F(11 006)=7.87; p=0.005 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 697 (85.4) | 119 (14.6) | p=0.3027 | 415 (50.9) | 401 (49.1) | p=0.3478 | 36 (4.4) | 377 (46.2) | 296 (36.3) | 107 (13.1) | p=0.0718 | 25.4(4.4) | |
| Yes | 173 (88.3) | 23 (11.7) | 107 (54.6) | 89 (45.4) | 2 (1.0) | 83 (42.3) | 81 (41.3) | 30 (15.3) | 26.4(4.7) | ||||
| Other lipid lowerings | F(11 006)=3.81; p=0.051 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 830 (86.1) | 134 (13.9) | p=0.5904 | 491 (50.9) | 473 (49.1) | p=0.0649 | 36 (3.7) | 447 (46.4) | 353 (36.6) | 128 (13.3) | p=0.0727 | 25.5(4.5) | |
| Yes | 40 (83.3) | 8 (16.7) | 31 (64.6) | 17 (35.4) | 2 (4.2) | 13 (27.1) | 24 (50.0) | 9 (18.8) | 26.9(4.2) | ||||
| Aspirin | F(11 006)=0.47; p=0.493 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 710 (86.3) | 113 (13.7) | p=0.5648 | 421 (51.2) | 402 (48.8) | p=0.5710 | 35 (4.3) | 371 (45.1) | 305 (37.1) | 112 (13.6) | p=0.3756 | 25.6(4.5) | |
| Yes | 160 (84.7) | 29 (15.3) | 101 (53.4) | 88 (46.6) | 3 (1.6) | 89 (47.1) | 72 (38.1) | 25 (13.2) | 25.8(4.1) | ||||
| Anticoagulants | F(11 006)=11.44; p=0.001 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 758 (87.4) | 109 (12.6) | p=0.0011 | 444 (51.2) | 423 (48.8) | p=0.5649 | 36 (4.2) | 405 (46.7) | 314 (36.2) | 112 (12.9) | p=0.0438 | 25.4(4.5) | |
| Yes | 112 (77.2) | 33 (22.8) | 78 (53.8) | 67 (46.2) | 2 (1.4) | 55 (37.9) | 63 (43.4) | 25 (17.2) | 26.8(4.6) | ||||
| NSAIDs | F(11 006)=9.03; p=0.003 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 819 (85.9) | 134 (14.1) | p=0.9143 | 490 (51.4) | 463 (48.6) | p=0.6741 | 33 (3.5) | 424 (44.5) | 364 (38.2) | 132 (13.9) | p=0.0069 | 25.7(4.4) | |
| Yes | 51 (86.4) | 8 (13.6) | 32 (54.2) | 27 (45.8) | 5 (8.5) | 36 (61.0) | 13 (22.0) | 5 (8.5) | 23.9(4.8) | ||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | F(11 006)=9.42; p=0.002 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 604 (45.9) | 95 (13.6) | p=0.5465 | 352 (50.4) | 347 (49.6) | p=0.2448 | 30 (4.3) | 333 (47.6) | 247 (35.3) | 89 (12.7) | 25.3(4.3) | ||
| Yes | 266 (54.1) | 47 (15.0) | 170 (54.3) | 143 (45.7) | 8 (2.6) | 127 (40.6) | 130 (41.5) | 48 (15.3) | 26.3(4.7) | ||||
| Calcium antagonist | F(11 006)=7.01; p=0.008 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 755 (86.6.9) | 117 (13.4) | p=0.1605 | 446 (51.5) | 426 (48.9) | p=0.4905 | 36 (4.1) | 401 (46.0) | 322 (36.9) | 113 (13.0) | p=0.2146 | 25.5(4.4) | |
| Yes | 115 (82.1) | 25 (17.9) | 76 (54.3) | 64 (45.7) | 2 (1.4) | 59 (42.1) | 55 (39.3) | 24 (17.1) | 26.6(4.9) | ||||
| β-blockers* | F(1937)=9.96; p=0.008 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 713 (86.0) | 116 (14.0) | p=0.3118 | 441 (53.2) | 388 (46.8) | p=0.0166 | 35 4.2) | 388 (46.8) | 303 (36.6) | 103 (12.4) | p=0.1493 | 25.4(4.5) | |
| Yes | 94 (82.5) | 20 (17.5) | 47 (41.2) | 67 (58.8) | 1 (0.9) | 47 (41.2) | 48 (42.2) | 18 (15.8) | 26.6(4.1) | ||||
| Metformin | F(11 006)=0.37; p=0.542 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 777 (86.5) | 121 (13.5) | p=0.1522 | 456 (50.8) | 442 (49.2) | p=0.1524 | 36 (4.0) | 407 (45.3) | 331 (36.9) | 124 (13.8) | p=0.5393 | 25.6(4.5) | |
| Yes | 93 (81.6) | 21 (18.4) | 66 (57.9) | 48 (42.1) | 2 (1.8) | 53 (46.5) | 46 (40.4) | 13 (11.4) | 25.9(4.6) | ||||
| Other oral antidiabetics | F(11 006)=4.42; p=0.036 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 831 (86.0) | 135 (14.0) | p=0.8127 | 495 (51.2) | 471 (48.8) | p=0.3233 | 38 (3.9) | 443 (45.9) | 356 (36.9) | 129 (13.4) | p=0.2597 | 25.6(4.5) | |
| Yes | 39 (84.8) | 7 (15.2) | 27 (58.7) | 19 (41.3) | – | 17 (37.0) | 21 (45.7) | 8 (17.4) | 26.9(4.8) | ||||
| Opioids† | F(1915)=8.26; p=0.004 | ||||||||||||
| (No) | 735 (86.2) | 118 (13.8) | p=0.0123 | 448 (52.5) | 405 (47.5) | p=0.0014 | 29 (3.4) | 389 (45.6) | 320 (37.5) | 115 (13.5) | p=0.0153 | 25.6(4.4) | |
| Yes | 51 (75.0) | 17 (25.0) | 22 (32.4) | 46 (67.6) | 6 (8.8) | 37 (54.4) | 22 (32.4) | 3 (4.4) | 24.0(4.1) | ||||
ANOVA, analysis of variance; ARBs, Angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.