Examples of biospecimen source, timing and evaluable endpoints
| Biospecimen collection time | Biospecimen | Evaluable endpoints |
| Pretreatment | Tumor | Biomarker of response to therapy |
| Blood or other normal tissue | Biomarker of host genomics | |
| Microbiome | Biomarker of interface of human tissues and microbiome | |
| On-treatment | Tumor | Useful in assessing impact of a therapy if compared with on-treatment tumor in a control arm |
| Lymph node | Determine immune response to cancer vaccine or intratumoral therapy, or impact of therapy on antigen presenting cells, compared with a control arm | |
| Pretreatment and on-treatment | Tumor | Determination of treatment-induced changes in tumor microenvironment |
| Blood | Determination of treatment-induced changes in host immune response | |
| At time of progression | Tumor | May suggest mechanisms of immune escape |