Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Controls, n (%) (n=179) | Myocarditis, n (%) (n=140) | P value |
| Age at ICI Initiation | 64.1±13.9 | 65.9±14.7 | 0.02 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 118 (65.9) | 99 (70.7) | 0.40 |
| Female | 61 (34.1) | 41 (29.3) | 0.40 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.8±5.8 | 27.8±6.1 | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors and disease | |||
| Hypertension | 109 (60.9) | 81 (57.9) | 0.65 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29 (16.2) | 31 (22.1) | 0.20 |
| CKD | 29 (16.2) | 9 (8.5)* | 0.07 |
| COPD | 26 (14.5) | 19 (17.6)* | 0.51 |
| Coronary artery disease | 23 (12.8) | 20 (14.3) | 0.74 |
| Stroke | 20 (11.2) | 7 (5.0) | 0.07 |
| Heart failure | 12 (6.7) | 8 (5.7) | 0.82 |
| Pre-ICI cardiovascular medications | |||
| Statin | 45 (25.1) | 45 (32.1) | 0.17 |
| Aspirin | 43 (24.0) | 33 (23.6) | 1.00 |
| Beta-blocker | 56 (31.3) | 33 (23.6) | 0.13 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 34 (19.0) | 37 (26.4) | 0.14 |
| CCB | 31 (17.3) | 16 (11.4) | 0.15 |
| Primary cancer type | |||
| Melanoma | 86 (48.0) | 57 (40.7) | 0.21 |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | 36 (20.1) | 24 (17.1) | 0.56 |
| Head and neck | 13 (7.3) | 6 (4.3) | 0.34 |
| Small cell lung cancer | 7 (3.9) | 1 (0.7) | 0.08 |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 4 (2.2) | 12 (8.6) | 0.02 |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.4) | 1.00 |
| Glioblastoma | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.4) | 1.00 |
| Other | 29 (16.2) | 36 (25.7) | 0.05 |
| ICI type (monotherapy or combination) | |||
| Nivolumab | 100 (55.9) | 67 (47.9) | 0.18 |
| Pembrolizumab | 72 (40.2) | 55 (39.3) | 0.91 |
| Ipilimumab | 65 (36.3) | 49 (35.0) | 0.82 |
| Atezolizumab | 3 (1.7) | 10 (7.1) | 0.02 |
| Durvalumab | 1 (0.6) | 3 (2.1) | 0.32 |
| Tremelimumab | 1 (0.6) | 4 (2.9) | 0.17 |
| Avelumab | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.1) | 0.08 |
| Any anti-PD-1 | 172 (96.1) | 122 (87.1) | 0.005 |
| Any anti-CTLA-4 | 66 (36.9) | 53 (37.9) | 0.91 |
| Any anti-PD-L1 | 4 (2.2) | 16 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Type of combined ICI | |||
| Ipilimumab+nivolumab | 20 (11.2) | 36 (25.7) | 0.001 |
| Ipilimumab+pembrolizumab | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.4) | 0.19 |
| Tremelimumab+avelumab | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.44 |
| Tremelimumab+durvalumab | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.4) | 0.19 |
| Other adverse events | |||
| None | 108 (60.3) | 64 (45.7) | 0.01 |
| Colitis | 24 (13.4) | 13 (9.3) | 0.29 |
| Pneumonitis | 22 (12.3) | 34 (24.3) | 0.007 |
| Pituitary/adrenal axis disorder | 13 (7.3) | 7 (5.0) | 0.49 |
| Hepatitis | 10 (5.6) | 16 (11.4) | 0.07 |
| Dermatitis | 5 (2.8) | 10 (7.1) | 0.11 |
| Neurological | 4 (2.2) | 12 (8.6) | 0.02 |
| Other | 6 (3.4) | 7 (5.0) | 0.57 |
| Prior cancer therapies | |||
| Anthracycline chemotherapy | 3 (1.7) | 8 (5.7) | 0.07 |
| VEGF inhibitor | 7 (3.9) | 1 (0.7) | 0.08 |
Values are n (%) or mean±SD (for age and BMI only).
*Certain patients with incomplete data were not included in analysis for some variables in the myocarditis group; percentages were derived from lower denominators in these rows (106 for CKD and 108 for COPD).
ACE-I, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.