Patient demographics of training and validation sets: features of patients from both the training (n=529) and validation (n=542) sets
| Characteristics | Training set (total, n=529) | Validation set (total, n=542) |
| Age (years), mean±SD | 67.9±13.3 | 68.5±13.5 |
| Age 65 years, n (%) | 311 (58.8) | 334 (61.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Male | 296 (56.0) | 329 (60.7) |
| Female | 231 (43.7) | 212 (39.1) |
| Information unavailable | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 205 (38.8) | 207 (38.2) |
| Current/former smoker | 228 (43.1) | 234 (43.2) |
| Unknown | 96 (18.1) | 101 (18.6) |
| Cancer type, n (%) | ||
| Head and neck | 22 (4.2) | 12 (2.2) |
| Lung and thoracic | 67 (12.7) | 87 (16.1) |
| Gastroesophageal | 30 (5.7) | 22 (4.1) |
| Hepatobiliary | 33 (6.2) | 22 (4.1) |
| Duodenal and lower GI tract | 61 (11.5) | 71 (13.1) |
| Breast | 85 (16.1) | 92 (17.0) |
| Gynecological | 35 (6.6) | 22 (4.1) |
| Genitourinary | 108 (20.4) | 108 (19.9) |
| Skin | 17 (3.2) | 26 (4.8) |
| Lymphoma | 49 (9.3) | 38 (7.0) |
| Other | 22 (4.1) | 42 (7.6) |
| Tumor stage, n (%) | ||
| Localized | 173 (32.7) | 187 (34.5) |
| Locoregional | 72 (13.6) | 87 (16.1) |
| Metastatic | 223 (42.2) | 197 (36.3) |
| Information unavailable | 61 (11.5) | 71 (13.1) |
| Tumor status at COVID-19 diagnosis, n (%) | ||
| Active malignancy | 353 (66.7) | 334 (61.6) |
| Remission | 150 (28.4) | 182 (33.6) |
| Information unavailable | 26 (4.9) | 26 (4.8) |
| Ongoing anticancer therapy at COVID-19 diagnosis, n (%) | 264 (49.9) | 252 (46.5) |
| Prior radical therapies, n (%) | 285 (53.9) | 306 (56.5) |
| Surgery | 244 (46.1) | 266 (49.0) |
| Adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 171 (32.3) | 148 (27.3) |
| Prior palliative systemic therapy, n (%) | 147 (27.8) | 130 (24.0) |
| Chemotherapy | 97 (18.3) | 87 (16.1) |
| Immunotherapy | 21 (4.0) | 25 (4.6) |
| Endocrine therapy | 29 (5.5) | 24 (4.4) |
| Targeted therapy | 22 (4.2) | 23 (4.2) |
| Prior curative systemic therapy, n (%) | 32 (6.0) | 30 (5.5) |
| Prior radiotherapy, n (%) | 150 (28.4) | 169 (31.2) |
| Prior lines of palliative therapy, n (%) | ||
| 1 | 75 (14.2) | 60 (11.1) |
| 2 | 30 (5.7) | 29 (5.4) |
| 3 | 33 (6.2) | 28 (5.2) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 425 (80.3) | 419 (77.3) |
| Hypertension | 251 (47.4) | 245 (45.2) |
| Diabetes | 115 (21.7) | 123 (22.7) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 128 (24.2) | 129 (23.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 80 (15.1) | 80 (14.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 62 (11.7) | 63 (11.6) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (7.0) | 41 (7.6) |
| Dementia | 27 (5.1) | 36 (6.6) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (3.6) | 21 (3.9) |
| Liver impairment | 11 (2.1) | 10 (1.8) |
| Immunosuppression | 16 (3.0) | 29 (5.4) |
| Steroid therapy in progress | 23 (4.3) | 27 (5.0) |
| Other | 164 (31.0) | 144 (26.6) |
| Number of comorbidities (%) | ||
| 0 | 104 (19.7) | 123 (22.7) |
| 1 | 149 (28.2) | 149 (27.5) |
| 2 | 129 (24.4) | 118 (21.8) |
| 3 | 147 (27.7) | 152 (28.0) |
| COVID-19 symptoms at diagnosis, n (%) | 497 (94.0) | 514 (94.8) |
| Fever | 317 (59.9) | 343 (63.3) |
| Cough | 257 (48.6) | 285 (52.6) |
| Dyspnea | 206 (38.9) | 232 (42.8) |
| Fatigue | 132 (25.0) | 125 (23.1) |
| Myalgia | 60 (11.3) | 57 (10.5) |
| Diarrhea | 50 (9.5) | 76 (14.0) |
| Coryzal symptoms | 23 (4.3) | 26 (4.8) |
| Nausea or vomiting | 33 (6.2) | 47 (8.7) |
| Sore throat | 18 (3.4) | 9 (1.7) |
| Headache | 21 (4.0) | 21 (3.9) |
| Dysgeusia | 14 (2.6) | 21 (3.9) |
| Anosmia | 13 (2.5) | 16 (3.0) |
| Other (ie, confusion and delirium) | 119 (22.5) | 124 (22.9) |
| Number of symptoms at diagnosis (%) | ||
| 0 | 32 (6.0) | 28 (5.2) |
| 1 | 125 (23.6) | 104 (19.2) |
| 2 | 151 (28.5) | 149 (27.5) |
| 3 | 221 (41.9) | 261 (48.2) |
| Hospitalization rate, n (%) | 477 (90.2) | 480 (88.6) |
| Admission to intensive or subintensive care unit, n (%) | 59/477 (12.4) | 65/480 (13.5) |
| COVID-19-specific drug treatments, n (%) | 349 (66.0) | 359 (66.2) |
| Antibiotics | 294 (55.6) | 301 (55.5) |
| Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine | 199 (37.6) | 193 (35.6) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 86 (16.3) | 86 (15.9) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 45 (8.5) | 46 (8.5) |
| Remdesivir | 5 (0.9) | 7 (1.3) |
| Tocilizumab | 18 (3.4) | 28 (5.2) |
| Others | 57 (10.8) | 71 (13.1) |
| COVID-19-specific oxygen interventions, n (%) | 309 (58.4) | 323 (59.6) |
| Oxygen therapy | 307 (58.0) | 320 (59.0) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 44 (8.3) | 71 (13.1) |
| COVID-19 complications, n (%) | 372 (70.3) | 382 (70.5) |
| Acute respiratory failure | 307 (58.0) | 320 (59.0) |
| ARDS | 61 (11.5) | 70 (12.9) |
| Acute kidney injury | 42 (7.9) | 44 (8.1) |
| Secondary infection | 49 (9.3) | 37 (6.8) |
| Sepsis | 29 (5.5) | 23 (4.2) |
| Septic shock | 22 (4.2) | 23 (4.2) |
| Acute cardiac injury | 12 (2.3) | 12 (2.2) |
| Acute liver injury | 4 (0.8) | 6 (1.1) |
| Others (ie, DIC) | 33 (6.2) | 28 (5.2) |
| Number of complications (%) | ||
| 0 | 157 (29.7) | 160 (29.5) |
| 1 | 190 (35.9) | 204 (37.6) |
| 2 | 101 (19.1) | 93 (17.2) |
| 3 | 42 (7.9) | 47 (8.7) |
| Information unavailable | 39 (7.4) | 38 (7.0) |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; GI, gastrointestinal.