Variable (comparator) | Objective response rate | Progression free survival | Overall survival | |||
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
OR (95% CI); p value | aOR (95% CI); p value | HR (95% CI); p value | aHR (95% CI); p value | HR (95% CI); p value | aHR (95% CI); p value | |
Corticosteroids Yes vs No | 0.42 (0.29 to 0.59); p<0.0001 | 0.42 (0.28 to 0.62); p<0.0001 | 1.89 (1.60 to 2.25); p<0.0001 | 1.69 (1.42 to 2.03); p<0.0001 | 2.15 (1.78 to 2.59); p<0.0001 | 1.93 (1.59 to 2.35); p<0.0001 |
Antibiotics Yes vs No | 0.53 (0.35 to 0.81); p=0.0032 | 0.57 (0.37 to 0.87); p=0.0093 | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.62); p=0.0110 | 1.29 (1.04 to 1.59); p=0.0192 | 1.47 (1.17 to 1.84); p=0.0009 | 1.42 (1.13 to 1.79); p=0.0024 |
PPIs Yes vs No | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.82); p=0.0008 | 0.63 (0.48 to 0.84); p=0.0014 | 1.36 (1.17 to 1.59); p=0.0001 | 1.32 (1.13 to 1.54); p=0.0003 | 1.51 (1.28 to 1.80); p<0.0001 | 1.49 (1.26 to 1.77); p<0.0001 |
Statins Yes vs No | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.56); p=0.3407 | – | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.17); p=0.9250 | – | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.29); p=0.4908 | – |
Aspirin Yes vs No | 1.21 (0.89 to 1.63); p=0.2240 | – | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.20); p=0.8858 | – | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.28); p=0.5264 | – |
β-blockers Yes vs No | 1.17 (0.86 to 1.58); p=0.3000 | – | 1.03 (0.86 to 1.22); p=0.7260 | – | 1.03 (0.85 to 1.25); p=0.7085 | – |
Metformin Yes vs No | 0.83 (0.55 to 1.24); p=0.3626 | – | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.29); p=0.7545 | – | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.46); p=0.2902 | – |
At the multivariate analysis, each drug category was adjusted for the pre-planned covariates separately. The pre-planned covariates were age (<70 vs ≥70 years old), gender (male vs female), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status (0–1 vs ≥2), smoking status (current/former vs never smokers), central nervous system, metastases (yes vs no), bone metastases (yes vs no) and liver metastases (yes vs no).
aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; aOR, adjusted odd ratio; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors.