Rates of flare of autoimmune disease (AD)
| No (%) | Details | |
| Flare of AD | ||
| No | 37 (67) | |
| Yes | 18 (33) | |
| Time to flare (range) days | 19 (4–167) | |
| Grade of flare of AD | ||
| G1, 2 | 11 (61) | |
| G3 | 5 (28) | Ulcerative colitis—1, Crohn’s disease—1, RA—2, psoriasis—1 |
| G4 | 2 (11) | Ulcerative colitis—2 |
| Flare by AD subtype | ||
| Rheumatologic | 7/11 (64) | RA—4/7, Sjogren’s syndrome—1/1, Behcet’s syndrome and psoriasis —1/1, polymyalgia rheumatica—1/1 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5/14 (56) | Ulcerative colitis—3/7, Crohn’s disease—2/3 |
| Dermatologic | 3/7 (43) | Psoriasis—3/6 |
| Endocrine | 3/21 (11) | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis—2/11, Graves’ disease—1/8 |
| Neurologic | 0/2 (0) | |
| Hematologic | 0/1 (0) | |
| Other | 0/2 (0) | |
| Flare by AD activity at baseline | ||
| Clinically active | 5/10 (50) | |
| Clinically inactive | 13/45 (29) | |
| On immunosuppression | 7/13 (54) | |
| Not on immunosuppression | 11/42 (26) | |
| Immunosuppression for AD flare | ||
| Oral steroids | 4 (22) | |
| Intravenous steroids | 3 (17) | |
| Steroid and SSA* | 6 (33) | Ciclosporin—1 for psoriasis, sulfasalazine—2 for ulcerative colitis and polymyalgia, infliximab—2 for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, methotrexate—2 for RA, leflunomide—1 for RA |
| No immunosuppression | 5 (28) | |
| IO dosing after flare | ||
| Both drugs ceased | 5 (28) | IBD—2, Behcet’s syndrome—1, RA—1, Sjogren’s syndrome—1 |
| Anti-PD1 alone continued | 3 (17) | |
| Both continued | 7 (39) | |
| Ceased due to PD | 3 (17) |
*Some patients received two SSAs.
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IO, immuno-oncology therapy; PD, progressive disease; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SSA, steroid-sparing agent.