Table 1

Epidemiological studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in PLWH

PopulationStudy designPrimary findingsReference

  • US HIV-COVID-19 Consortium

  • 286 cases

  • On ART 93%

  • <200 CD4/mL 15%

Multicenter Registry of PLWH and COVID-19

  • 77% of cases occurred in those 40+ years of age.

  • 55% required hospitalization based on O2 saturation <94% or elevated qSOFA score.

  • 29% received ICU level care.

  • Mortality in PLWH 9.4%.

  • Hypertension, chronic lung disease and <200 CD4/mL at risk factors for hospitalization as well as severe outcomes (ICU or death).

Dandachi et al 122

  • Public sector Western Cape, South Africa

  • 22,308 COVID-19 cases

  • 18% of cases in PLWH

  • 60% of PLWH and COVID-19 with HIV viral load <1000 copies/mL

Population cohort study

  • HIV was associated with standardized mortality ratio 2.39 (95% CI 1.96 to 2.86).

  • Case fatality in PLWH 3.2%.

  • Increased death in PLWH and HIV VL >1000 copies/mL and/or <200 CD4 cells/mL.

  • COVID-19 death associated with current or prior tuberculosis.

Boulle et al 119

  • New York City Department of Health

  • 204,583 cases COVID-19

  • 2410 in PLWH

  • 88% of PLWH hospitalized with HIV VL <200 copies/mL

COVID-19 HIV Registry Match

  • Compared with all PLWH and all COVID-19 cases in New York City, highest proportion in black or Latino and high-poverty neighborhoods.

  • Case fatality in PLWH 12.9%.

  • 59% of PLWH and COVID-19 had ≥1 other comorbidity.

  • PLWH had higher rates of composite outcome: hospitalization, ICU admission and/or death.

  • Increased ICU admission and death among PLWH with <200 CD4 cells/mL.

  • Analyses not-corrected for comorbidities.

Braunstein et al 121

  • TriNext Network

  • 50,167 cases COVID-19

  • 404 in PLWH

  • 40% in US South

  • 70% on ART

Electronic health record cohort

  • 19% of PLWH were hospitalized, 7% required ICU.

  • Case fatality in PLWH 4.95%.

  • PLWH more likely to be black.

  • PLWH had increased rates of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity and tobacco dependence.

  • PLWH had increased hospitalization and mortality, although risk of death.

  • Not significant after correcting for comorbidities.

  • No difference in C reactive protein or ferritin.

Hadi et al 160

  • Mt. Sinai,

  • Of 4,402 COVID-19 admissions, 88 in PLWH

  • 100% on ART

Hospital-based cohort with 5:1 HIV-seronegative matched controls

  • PHLW high increased rates of tobacco use and COPD.

  • Case fatality in PLWH 20%.

  • No increased risk for PLWH after correcting for comorbidities.

Sigel et al 124

  • ICU, intensive care unit; NYC, New York City; PLWH, people living with HIV; qSOFA, quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment; VL, viral load.