Patient and treatment characteristics
| Baseline characteristics | N (n=19) | % | Treatment characteristics | N (n=19) | % |
| Race | CNS-directed therapy | ||||
| Caucasian | 17 | 89.4 | None | 1 | 15.8 |
| Black | 1 | 5.3 | Surgery and radiotherapy | 4 | 21.1 |
| Other | 1 | 5.3 | Radiotherapy alone | 14 | 73.7 |
| Gender | Other sites of metastasis | ||||
| Female | 5 | 26.3 | Lung | 14 | 73.7 |
| Male | 14 | 73.7 | Liver | 2 | 10.5 |
| Histology | Bone | 5 | 26.3 | ||
| Clear cell | 15 | 79.9 | Lymph nodes | 14 | 73.7 |
| Chromophobe | 1 | 5.3 | None | 1 | 5.3 |
| Unclassified | 3 | 15.8 | No of brain metastasis | ||
| Sarcomatoid component | 1 | 11 | 57.9 | ||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 10.5 |
| No | 10 | 52.6 | ≥3 | 6 | 31.6 |
| Unknown | 9 | 47.4 | Brain metastasis location | ||
| Prior radical nephrectomy | Supratentorial | 15 | 78.9 | ||
| No | 8 | 42.1 | Infratentorial | 3 | 15.8 |
| Yes | 11 | 57.9 | Both | 1 | 5.3 |
| IMDC prognostic risk group | Ipilimumab doses <4 | 7 | 36.8 | ||
| Poor risk | 5 | 26.3 | Received nivolumab maintenance | 12 | 63.2 |
| Intermediate risk | 11 | 57.9 | Nivolumab doses, median (range) | 6 doses (1–21) | |
| Favorable risk | 3 | 15.8 | Reason for discontinuing | ||
| Stage IV at diagnosis | 16 | 84.2 | Still receiving | 0 | 0 |
| ECOG PS 0–1 | 16 | 84.2 | Disease progression | 13 | 68.3 |
| No of prior therapies | Adverse event | 4 | 21.1 | ||
| 0 | 13 | 68.4 | Provider discretion | 1 | 5.3 |
| 1 | 2 | 10.5 | Death | 1 | 5.3 |
| ≥2 | 4 | 21.1 | Immune-related adverse events | 12 | 63.2 |
| Prior nivolumab monotherapy | 2 | 10.5 |
*ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; CNS, central nervous system.
IMDC, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium.