Table 5

Risk of tuberculosis in patients with cancer

	Total, (n)	TB cases, (n)	Person-years	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Total, (n)	TB cases, (n)	Person-years	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age, year				1.02 (1.02 to 1.03)	<0.001	1.03 (1.02 to 1.03)	<0.001
Sex
Male	95,802	692	100 905	1.54 (1.33 to 1.79)	<0.001	1.61 (1.39 to 1.89)	<0.001
Female	45,748	224	51,616	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Health insurance type
National health insurance	127,201	837	142,716	1 (reference)	0.02	1 (reference)
Medical aids*	8495	73	8544	1.40 (1.10 to 1.78)	0.01	1.28 (1.01 to 1.63)	0.04
Veterans	8147	6	1262	0.90 (0.40 to 2.01)	0.80	0.77 (0.34 to 1.72)	0.52
Type of cancer
NSCLC	98,196	771	98,960	3.35 (1.80 to 6.25)	<0.001	2.43 (1.30 to 4.54)	0.01
Urothelial carcinoma	39,268	135	49,220	1.27 (0.67 to 2.41)	0.47	0.91 (0.48 to 1.73)	0.76
Melanoma	4086	10	4342	1 (reference)	<0.001	1 (reference)
Underlying diseases
Diabetes mellitus	40,605	295	42,149	1.22 (1.07 to 1.41)	0.004	1.07 (0.93 to 1.24)	0.34
Hypertension	73,788	509	78,074	1.18 (1.04 to 1.34)	0.01	0.99 (0.86 to 1.14)	0.86
Chronic lung disease	58,054	491	59,344	1.77 (1.55 to 2.01)	<0.001	1.32 (1.15 to 1.51)	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	6545	53	6988	1.28 (0.97 to 1.69)	0.08	1.29 (0.97 to 1.72)	0.08
Chronic liver disease	1583	15	1560	1.56 (0.94 to 2.60)	0.88	1.38 (0.83 to 2.31)	0.22
Rheumatic disease	3012	27	3159	1.42 (0.97 to 2.09)	0.07	1.31 (0.89 to 1.93)	0.17
Predisposing factors
History of LTBI treatment	1735	11	1903	0.97 (0.54 to 1.76)	0.93	0.97 (0.54 to 1.76)	0.92
Active chemotherapy	33,184	306	32,353	1.72 (1.50 to 1.98)	<0.001	1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)	<0.001
Concomitant use of corticosteroid	13,666	125	13,196	1.56 (1.29 to 1.88)	<0.001	1.09 (0.89 to 1.34)	0.4
Concomitant use of immunosuppressant	1963	14	2273	1.03 (0.61 to 1.75)	0.90	0.98 (0.58 to 1.68)	0.95
ICI treatment	5037	20	2959	0.85 (0.55 to 1.33)	0.48	0.73 (0.47 to 1.14)	0.17

*Medical aid is a public assistance program that targets impoverished people in need of medical assistance as part of the South Korean social welfare program.
ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; ; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; TB, tuberculosis.