Characteristics of included studies
| Study (trial identifier) | Trial phase | Treatment | N | Median treatment duration (months) | Median follow-up (months) | Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score* |
| Amin et al33 (CheckMate 016) | 1 | Nivolumab+sunitinib | 33 | 10.4 | 50 | 6 |
| Amin et al33(CheckMate 016) | 1 | Nivolumab+pazopanib | 20 | 3.5 | 27.1 | 6 |
| Atkins et al39 (NCT02133742) | 1b | Pembrolizumab+axitinib | 52 | 17.4 | 20.4 | 6 |
| Choueiri et al40 (JAVELIN Renal 101) | 3 | Avelumab+axitinib | 442 | – | 19.3 | 6 |
| Dudek et al34(BTCRC-GU14-003) | 1b | Pembrolizumab+bevacizumab | 13 | 6 | – | 5 |
| Dudek et al34(BTCRC-GU14-003) | 2 | Pembrolizumab+bevacizumab | 48 | 10 | 28.3 | 6 |
| Hammers et al35(CheckMate 016) | 1 | Nivolumab+ipilimumab | 47 | 7.4 | 22.3 | 6 |
| Hammers et al35(CheckMate 016) | 1 | Nivolumab+ipilimumab | 47 | 6.0 | 22.3 | 6 |
| McKayet al41 (OMNIVORE) | 2 | Nivolumab (+ipilimumab) | 12 | – | – | 4 |
| Motzeret al37(CheckMate 025) | 3 | Nivolumab | 410 | 23.6† | 72 | 6 |
| Motzeret al42 (CheckMate 214) | 3 | Nivolumab+ipilimumab | 550 | 7.9 | 43.6 | 6 |
| Naing et al43(IVY) | 1b | Nivolumab or pembrolizumab+pegilodecakin | 38 | – | 22.7 | 6 |
| Ornstein et al18(NCT03126331) | 2 | Nivolumab | 5 | – | 11.0 | 4 |
| Topalian et al38(CA209-003) | 1 | Nivolumab | 34 | 7.4 | 63.9‡ | 6 |
| Vaishampayan et al36 (JAVELIN Solid Tumor) | 1b | Avelumab | 62 | 9.6 | 26.2 | 6 |
| Vaishampayan et al36 (JAVELIN Solid Tumor) | 1b | Avelumab | 20 | 5.3 | 34.1 | 6 |
*Modified for a maximum score of 6, with studies scoring 4 or above considered higher quality.
†For responders only.
‡Minimum follow-up.