Table 1

Characteristics of 767 patients from in-house cohort

CharacteristicAntibiotic userNon-antibiotic user
(n=133)(n=634)
Sex, no (%)
Male94 (70.7)472 (74.4)
Female39 (29.3)162 (25.6)
Median (IQR) age, years55 (47–65)55 (49–63)
Cancer type, no (%)
Lung cancer57 (42.9)283 (44.6)
Liver cancer14 (10.5)93 (14.7)
Esophageal cancer15 (11.3)48 (7.6)
Head and neck cancer7 (5.3)52 (8.2)
Cholangiocarcinoma6 (4.5)31 (4.9)
Cervical cancer10 (7.5)20 (3.2)
Lymphoma10 (7.5)13 (2.1)
Sarcoma3 (2.3)17 (2.7)
Other11 (8.3)77 (12.1)
irAEs, no (%)
Present43 (32.3)110 (17.4)
Absent90 (67.7)524 (82.6)
Drugs, no (%)
anti-PD-198 (73.7)474 (74.8)
anti-PD-L135 (26.3)160 (25.2)
Therapy, no (%)
ICI only69 (51.9)282 (44.5)
ICI +chemotherapy42 (31.6)261 (41.2)
ICI +target therapy22 (16.5)77 (12.1)
ICI +chemo+radiotherapy0 (0)14 (2.2)
Grade of irAEs, no (%)
Grade 124 (55.81)59 (50.43)
Grade 29 (20.93)33 (28.21)
Grade 34 (9.30)11 (9.40)
Grade 41 (2.33)0 (0.00)
Grade 51 (2.33)1 (0.85)
Unknown4 (9.30)13 (11.11)
Specified irAEs, no (%)
Thyroid irAEs16 (27.12)41 (29.71)
Vascular irAEs6 (10.17)15 (10.87)
Rash5 (8.47)14 (10.14)
Hepatic irAEs5 (8.47)13 (9.42)
Hematologic irAEs2 (3.39)11 (7.97)
Gastrointestinal irAEs4 (6.78)10 (7.25)
Others5 (8.47)8 (5.80)
Pneumonitis7 (11.86)7 (5.07)
Renal irAEs1 (1.69)4 (2.90)
Skin irAEs4 (6.78)3 (2.17)
Cardiac irAEs2 (3.39)3 (2.17)
Endocrine irAEs0 (0.00)3 (2.17)
Pancreatic irAEs0 (0.00)3 (2.17)
Eye irAEs1 (1.69)2 (1.45)
Musculoskeletal irAEs0 (0.00)1 (0.72)
Nervous system irAEs1 (1.69)0 (0.00)
Duration of treatment
≤1 month9 (6.77)30 (4.73)
1–3 months33 (24.81)119 (18.77)
3–6 months28 (21.05)127 (20.03)
6 months to 1 year30 (22.56)89 (14.04)
≥1 year9 (6.77)20 (3.15)
Not available24 (18.05)249 (39.27)
  • ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAEs, immune-related adverse events.