Characteristic | Antibiotic user | Non-antibiotic user |
(n=133) | (n=634) | |
Sex, no (%) | ||
Male | 94 (70.7) | 472 (74.4) |
Female | 39 (29.3) | 162 (25.6) |
Median (IQR) age, years | 55 (47–65) | 55 (49–63) |
Cancer type, no (%) | ||
Lung cancer | 57 (42.9) | 283 (44.6) |
Liver cancer | 14 (10.5) | 93 (14.7) |
Esophageal cancer | 15 (11.3) | 48 (7.6) |
Head and neck cancer | 7 (5.3) | 52 (8.2) |
Cholangiocarcinoma | 6 (4.5) | 31 (4.9) |
Cervical cancer | 10 (7.5) | 20 (3.2) |
Lymphoma | 10 (7.5) | 13 (2.1) |
Sarcoma | 3 (2.3) | 17 (2.7) |
Other | 11 (8.3) | 77 (12.1) |
irAEs, no (%) | ||
Present | 43 (32.3) | 110 (17.4) |
Absent | 90 (67.7) | 524 (82.6) |
Drugs, no (%) | ||
anti-PD-1 | 98 (73.7) | 474 (74.8) |
anti-PD-L1 | 35 (26.3) | 160 (25.2) |
Therapy, no (%) | ||
ICI only | 69 (51.9) | 282 (44.5) |
ICI +chemotherapy | 42 (31.6) | 261 (41.2) |
ICI +target therapy | 22 (16.5) | 77 (12.1) |
ICI +chemo+radiotherapy | 0 (0) | 14 (2.2) |
Grade of irAEs, no (%) | ||
Grade 1 | 24 (55.81) | 59 (50.43) |
Grade 2 | 9 (20.93) | 33 (28.21) |
Grade 3 | 4 (9.30) | 11 (9.40) |
Grade 4 | 1 (2.33) | 0 (0.00) |
Grade 5 | 1 (2.33) | 1 (0.85) |
Unknown | 4 (9.30) | 13 (11.11) |
Specified irAEs, no (%) | ||
Thyroid irAEs | 16 (27.12) | 41 (29.71) |
Vascular irAEs | 6 (10.17) | 15 (10.87) |
Rash | 5 (8.47) | 14 (10.14) |
Hepatic irAEs | 5 (8.47) | 13 (9.42) |
Hematologic irAEs | 2 (3.39) | 11 (7.97) |
Gastrointestinal irAEs | 4 (6.78) | 10 (7.25) |
Others | 5 (8.47) | 8 (5.80) |
Pneumonitis | 7 (11.86) | 7 (5.07) |
Renal irAEs | 1 (1.69) | 4 (2.90) |
Skin irAEs | 4 (6.78) | 3 (2.17) |
Cardiac irAEs | 2 (3.39) | 3 (2.17) |
Endocrine irAEs | 0 (0.00) | 3 (2.17) |
Pancreatic irAEs | 0 (0.00) | 3 (2.17) |
Eye irAEs | 1 (1.69) | 2 (1.45) |
Musculoskeletal irAEs | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.72) |
Nervous system irAEs | 1 (1.69) | 0 (0.00) |
Duration of treatment | ||
≤1 month | 9 (6.77) | 30 (4.73) |
1–3 months | 33 (24.81) | 119 (18.77) |
3–6 months | 28 (21.05) | 127 (20.03) |
6 months to 1 year | 30 (22.56) | 89 (14.04) |
≥1 year | 9 (6.77) | 20 (3.15) |
Not available | 24 (18.05) | 249 (39.27) |
ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAEs, immune-related adverse events.