Baseline characteristics of propensity score-matched lung cancer cohort
| Characteristic | Unmatched | Matched | ||
| Chemotherapy/targeted therapy-treated controls | ICI-treated cases | Chemotherapy/targeted therapy-treated controls | ICI-treated cases | |
| N | 25,675 | 20,049 | 13,113 | 13,113 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age at index*—mean (SD) | 65.9 (10.9) | 67.0 (10.2) | 67.0 (10.5) | 67.1 (10.3) |
| Male sex*—no. (%) | 12,362 (48.2) | 10,709 (53.4) | 6956 (53.0) | 6885 (52.5) |
| Race*—no. (%) | ||||
| White | 18,308 (71.3) | 14,974 (74.7) | 9839 (75.0) | 9710 (74.0) |
| Black/African American | 3258 (12.7) | 2569 (12.8) | 1664 (12.7) | 1698 (12.9) |
| Asian | 804 (3.1) | 377 (1.9) | 224 (1.7) | 258 (2.0) |
| American Indian/Native American | 72 (0.3) | 62 (0.3) | 45 (0.3) | 42 (0.3) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 21 (0.1) | ≤10 (0.1) | ≤10 (0.1) | ≤10 (0.1) |
| Unknown | 3212 (12.5) | 2057 (10.3) | 1336 (10.2) | 1397 (10.7) |
| Cancer | ||||
| Secondary malignancy*—no. (%) | ||||
| Lymph nodes | 5877 (22.9) | 5404 (27.0) | 3093 (23.6) | 3204 (24.4) |
| Respiratory/digestive | 6147 (23.9) | 6064 (30.2) | 3644 (27.8) | 3621 (27.6) |
| Other | 8803 (34.3) | 9436 (47.1) | 6024 (45.9) | 6021 (45.9) |
| Neuroendocrine tumor | 246 (1.2) | 246 (1.2) | 120 (0.9) | 146 (1.1) |
| Type of therapy | ||||
| PD-1 | – | 15,257 (76.1) | – | 10,478 (79.9) |
| PD-L1 | – | 4892 (24.4) | – | 2720 (20.7) |
| Chemotherapy | 18,789 (73.2) | 5205 (46.2) | 9707 (74.0) | 4851 (37.0) |
| Targeted therapy | 6933 (27.0) | 82 (0.4) | 3431 (26.2) | 72 (0.6) |
| Line of therapy*—no. (%) | ||||
| First line | 21,888 (85.3) | 6821 (34.0) | 9357 (71.4) | 9537 (72.7) |
| Second line | 1462 (5.7) | 5563 (27.7) | 1465 (11.2) | 1240 (9.5) |
| Third and above | 466 (1.8) | 2160 (10.8) | 457 (3.5) | 548 (4.2) |
| Coexisting conditions | ||||
| Personal history of nicotine dependence* | 7198 (28.0) | 6999 (34.9) | 4090 (31.2) | 4270 (32.6) |
| Prior encounter for antineoplastic radiation therapy* | 1637 (6.4) | 2192 (10.9) | 934 (7.1) | 1073 (8.2) |
| History of acute radiation pneumonitis* | 91 (0.4) | 179 (0.9) | 66 (0.5) | 61 (0.5) |
| History of prior lung disease | ||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease* | 6669 (26.0) | 5765 (28.8) | 3414 (26.0) | 3592 (27.4) |
| Asthma* | 1408 (5.5) | 960 (4.8) | 534 (4.1) | 640 (4.9) |
| Pleural disease* | 6225 (24.2) | 4662 (23.3) | 2931 (22.4) | 2931 (22.4) |
Demographic data were obtained from coded TriNetX data. Type of ICI counts patients who received both a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor at any point in both categories. Line of therapy data were not available for every patient.
*Starred variables were used for propensity score matching.
ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors ; PD-1, programmed cell death receptor 1 ; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1 .