Radiation or cisplatin exposure markedly upregulated immunomodulatory markers in representative HPV-associated tumor models
| Expression (% positive, (net MFI)) | |||||||
| CaSki | Viability | HLA-A2 | Calreticulin | ICAM-1 | Fas | TRAIL-R2 | PD-L1 |
| Control | 87.9 | 23.7 (349) | 6.69 (79) | 43.5 (957) | 98.5 (6158) | 99.7 (6469) | 86.0 (2118) |
| Radiation | 83.8 | 70.7 (1494) | 27.3 (205) | 51.3 (2533) | 99.3 (22,153) | 99.6 (17,999) | 91.9 (5674) |
| Cisplatin | 84.8 | 61.4 (948) | 25.2 (174) | 51.1 (2107) | 98.2 (19,602) | 99.5 (12,401) | 92.9 (4191) |
| UPCI-SCC-90 | |||||||
| Control | 89.3 | 91.5 (1539) | 1.53 (20) | 7.19 (87) | 5.75 (268) | 35.5 (78) | 1.43 (20) |
| Radiation | 87.1 | 91.1 (2357) | 2.84 (69) | 15.6 (220) | 8.95 (481) | 30.2 (163) | 2.53 (52) |
| Cisplatin | 89.7 | 96.0 (1996) | 2.41 (39) | 12.6 (146) | 9.17 (340) | 61.4 (195) | 2.15 (45) |
| E7-SCCNC5 | |||||||
| Control | 88.0 | 99.7 (34,159) | 72.3 (30) | 26.8 (49) | 99.6 (9810) | 99.6 (2034) | 52.2 (228) |
| Radiation | 86.2 | 98.6 (34,816) | 56.5 (120) | 17.8 (163) | 99.5 (28,830) | 98.6 (5510) | 33.9 (652) |
| Cisplatin | 90.4 | 99.8 (44,581) | 79.5 (85) | 26.8 (131) | 99.8 (28,308) | 99.6 (4641) | 52.9 (479) |
Representative HPV-associated tumor models for cervical carcinoma (CaSki), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (UPCI-SCC-90), and sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (E7-SCCNC5) were treated with radiation (10 Gy, 72 hours) or cisplatin (1 µg/mL, 48 hours) followed by flow cytometric interrogation of immunomodulatory markers representing antigen presentation machinery (HLA-A2), dendritic cell ‘eat me’ signal and activator (calreticulin), adhesion molecule and costimulatory ligand (ICAM-1), death receptors (Fas, TRAIL-R2), and T-cell exhaustion ligand (PD-L1). Viability represents per cent of single cell gated population with negative LIVE/DEAD staining. Percentages indicate per cent positive cells of the total viable population. Numbers in parentheses indicate net MFI (geometric mean of isotype subtracted from geometric mean of marker) of total viable population. Numbers in bold represent marked upregulation relative to control, as defined by 10% increase in per cent positive cells or 1.5-fold increase in net MFI. Experiment was replicated twice with similar results.
HPV, human papillomavirus; MFI, mean fluorescent intensity.