Study ID | Age | Types of ICI | Non-ICI interventions | Interval between second vaccine and evaluation of outcome | % of patients with prior COVID-19 infection |
Agbarya et al 202113 | 65.3 (mean) | Pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, durvalumab, avelumab, atezolizumab, cemiplimab (n=43) | Chemotherapy (n=73), biological drugs (24), healthy subjects (n=215)* | 14 days | NR |
Au et al 202114 | ˃18† | Anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n=1) | NA | 5 days | NR |
Blaise et al 202115 | ˃18† | Pembrolizumab, nivolumab (1 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) (n=1) | NA | 10 days (after first vaccine) | NR |
Buttiron Webber et al 202116 | 68 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=21) | Chemotherapy (n=115), hormone therapy (n=70), targeted therapy (n=23), patients with cancer with no active treatment (n=62) | 21 days | 11.3 |
Chen et al 202117 | 70 (median) | Pembrolizumab (n=45), nivolumab (n=22), durvalumab (n=6), cemiplimab (n=5), atezolizumab (n=3) | NA | 30 days (at least) | NR |
Di Giacomo et al 202118 | NR | Unspecified ICI (n=70) | Chemotherapy (n=28), Targeted therapy (n=23), healthy subjects (n=42), | 18 days (median) | 0 |
Figueiredo et al 202119 | 65 (median) | Unspecified vaccinated ICI (n=74) | healthcare workers (n=1245) Unvaccinated patients with cancer (n=54), vaccinated patients with cancer (n=291) | 42 days (median) | Vaccinated: 6.2 Unvaccinated: 22.2 |
Lasagna et al 202120 | 68 (median) | PD-1/PD-L1 (n=88) | NA | 21 days | 14.8 |
Ligumsky et al 202121 | 66 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=55) | Chemotherapy (n=101), Combination (n=104)‡, targeted therapy (n=38), other treatments (n=28)‡, healthy subjects (n=164)* | 78 days | NR |
Ma et al 202122 | 50.3 (mean) | Nivolumab (n=51), pembrolizumab (n=49), sintilimab (n=76), toipalimab (n=44), tislelizumab (n=31), camrelizumab (n=39). Patients were divided in PD-1 vaccinated (n=138) and PD1 unvaccinated (n=152) | Patients with cancer without PD-1 (n=164), non-cancer patients (n=206) | 1–3 months | NR |
Massarweh et al 202123 | 66 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=22) | Chemotherapy (n=30), chemotherapy plus biological therapy (n=20), biological therapy (n=11), healthy subjects (n=78) | 38 days | NR |
Mieczkowska et al 202124 | ˃ 18† | Nivolumab (n=1) | NA | 7 days (after first dose) | NR |
Naranbhai et al 202125 | 66 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=70) | No systemic treatment (n=205), healthy subjects (n=418), chemotherapy (n=101), targeted therapy (n=149), combination (n=124) | 7 days | |
Oosting et al 2021 (VOICE trial)26 | 66 (median) | Nivolumab (n=66), pembrolizumab (n=36), cemiplimab (n=7), atezolizumab (n=5), avelumab (n=5), duvalumab (n=2) | Chemotherapy (n=229), chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (n=143), healthy patients (n=247) | 28 days | NR |
Strobel et al 202127 | 64 (median) | Pembrolizumab (n=45), nivolumab (n=14), cemiplimab (n=4), avelumab (n=6), combination ICI (n=20) | Non-ICI systemic therapies (n=108), unvaccinated patients with cancer (n=19) | 84 days | NR |
Subbiah et al 202132 | 54 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=857) | NA | NR | NR |
Svoboda et al 202129 | 42 (median) | PD-1 (n=23) | NA | – | 26 |
Thakkar et al 202130 | 67 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=31) | Non-cancer patients (n=26), non-ICI treatments (n=169) | 7 days | 11 |
Waissengrin et al 202131 | 72 (median) | Unspecified ICI (n=97) | Healthy subjects (n=134) | 19 days | NR |
*Patients’ relatives, healthcare workers, and volunteers.
†Exact patient age not provided as required by the journal.
‡Includes patients receiving other treatments plus ICI.
ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1.