Table 2

Characteristics of patients included in the studies

Study IDAgeTypes of ICINon-ICI interventionsInterval between second vaccine and evaluation of outcome% of patients with prior COVID-19 infection
Agbarya et al 20211365.3 (mean)Pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, durvalumab, avelumab, atezolizumab, cemiplimab (n=43)Chemotherapy (n=73), biological drugs (24), healthy subjects (n=215)*14 daysNR
Au et al 202114˃18†Anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n=1)NA5 daysNR
Blaise et al 202115˃18†Pembrolizumab, nivolumab (1 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) (n=1)NA10 days (after first vaccine)NR
Buttiron Webber et al 20211668 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=21)Chemotherapy (n=115), hormone therapy (n=70), targeted therapy (n=23), patients with cancer with no active treatment (n=62)21 days11.3
Chen et al 20211770 (median)Pembrolizumab (n=45), nivolumab (n=22), durvalumab (n=6), cemiplimab (n=5), atezolizumab (n=3)NA30 days (at least)NR
Di Giacomo et al 202118NRUnspecified ICI (n=70)Chemotherapy (n=28), Targeted therapy (n=23), healthy subjects (n=42),18 days (median)0
Figueiredo et al 20211965 (median)Unspecified vaccinated ICI (n=74)healthcare workers (n=1245) Unvaccinated patients with cancer (n=54), vaccinated patients with cancer (n=291)42 days (median)Vaccinated: 6.2 Unvaccinated: 22.2
Lasagna et al 20212068 (median)PD-1/PD-L1 (n=88)NA21 days14.8
Ligumsky et al 20212166 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=55)Chemotherapy (n=101), Combination (n=104)‡, targeted therapy (n=38), other treatments (n=28)‡, healthy subjects (n=164)*78 daysNR
Ma et al 20212250.3 (mean)Nivolumab (n=51), pembrolizumab (n=49), sintilimab (n=76), toipalimab (n=44), tislelizumab (n=31), camrelizumab (n=39). Patients were divided in PD-1 vaccinated (n=138) and PD1 unvaccinated (n=152)Patients with cancer without PD-1 (n=164), non-cancer patients (n=206)1–3 monthsNR
Massarweh et al 20212366 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=22)Chemotherapy (n=30), chemotherapy plus biological therapy (n=20), biological therapy (n=11), healthy subjects (n=78)38 daysNR
Mieczkowska et al 202124˃ 18†Nivolumab (n=1)NA7 days (after first dose)NR
Naranbhai et al 20212566 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=70)No systemic treatment (n=205), healthy subjects (n=418), chemotherapy (n=101), targeted therapy (n=149), combination (n=124)7 days
Oosting et al 2021 (VOICE trial)2666 (median)Nivolumab (n=66), pembrolizumab (n=36), cemiplimab (n=7), atezolizumab (n=5), avelumab (n=5), duvalumab (n=2)Chemotherapy (n=229), chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (n=143), healthy patients (n=247)28 daysNR
Strobel et al 20212764 (median)Pembrolizumab (n=45), nivolumab (n=14), cemiplimab (n=4), avelumab (n=6), combination ICI (n=20)Non-ICI systemic therapies (n=108), unvaccinated patients with cancer (n=19)84 daysNR
Subbiah et al 20213254 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=857)NANRNR
Svoboda et al 20212942 (median)PD-1 (n=23)NA26
Thakkar et al 20213067 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=31)Non-cancer patients (n=26), non-ICI treatments (n=169)7 days11
Waissengrin et al 20213172 (median)Unspecified ICI (n=97)Healthy subjects (n=134)19 daysNR
  • *Patients’ relatives, healthcare workers, and volunteers.

  • †Exact patient age not provided as required by the journal.

  • ‡Includes patients receiving other treatments plus ICI.

  • ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1.