Table 2

Biomarkers’ levels of CAR-T patients at all time points versus controls

Biomarker Median±IQR	Controls	CAR-T cell patients (baseline)	P value (CAR-T at baseline vs control)	CAR-T cell patients (24h-INF)	P value (CAR-T at 24h-INF vs control)	CAR-T cell patients (Tox-onset)	P value (CAR-T at Tox-onset vs control)	CAR-T cell patients (post-IMT)	P value (CAR-T at post-IMT vs control)
	N=49	N=62		N=62		N=19		N=19
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	77±27	176±283	<0.001*	203±362	<0.001*	359±455	<0.001*	498±1078	<0.001*
sTNFRI (pg/mL)	291±106	2467±2076	<0.001*	2678±2350	<0.001*	4252±4733	<0.001*	3052±4096	0.001*
TM (ng/mL)	14±13	3164±1645	<0.001*	3222±1312	<0.001*	3765±2938	<0.001*	3032±2042	<0.001*
ST2 (ng/mL)	11±8	42±42	<0.001*	59±170	<0.001*	210±241	<0.001*	187±515	<0.001*
Ang-2 (pg/mL)	1188±660	1439±999	0.098	2058±2566	<0.001*	2826±3660	<0.001*	1959±1640	0.002*
NETs (µg/mL)	1±9	8±5	0.954	7±3	0.219	8±5	0.021*	8±4	0.045*
sC5b-9 (ng/mL)	199±66	516±403	<0.001*	472±424	<0.001*	689±795	<0.001*	685±284	0.001*
VWF:Ag (%)	107±33	162±137	<0.001*	185±136	<0.001*	226±111	<0.001*	211±98	0.001*
A13 (%)	100±12	90±20	0.009*	75±20	<0.001*	74±24	<0.001*	65±29	<0.001*
α2-AP (%)	88±45	112±31	<0.001*	108±29	<0.001*	92±27	<0.001*	100±15	0.001*
PAI-1 Ag (ng/mL)	27±16	29±20	0.180	32±31	0.211	39±32	<0.001*	41±40	0.281

Biomarker’s values from controls (in a single time point) are used for the comparison with the CAR-T cell group in each of the time points analyzed. Statistical significance (p) for the comparisons between Tox-onset versus post-IMT: sVCAM-1: 0.063; sTNFRI: 0.642; TM: 0.836; ST2: 0.501; Ang-2: 0.234; NETs: 0.196; sC5b-9: 0.098; VWF:Ag: 0.820; A13: 0.959; α2-AP: 0.234; PAI-1 Ag: 0.134.
*P<0.05.
A13, ADAMTS-13 activity; Ang-2, angiopoietin-2; Baseline, sample collected before the CAR-T cell infusion; 24h-INF, sample collected 24–48 hours after infusion; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; PAI-1 Ag, inhibitor of the activator of plasminogen antigen; post-IMT, sample collected 24–48 hours after immunomodulatory treatment; sC5b-9, soluble C5b9; ST2, soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2; sTNFRI, soluble TNF receptor 1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; TM, thrombomodulin; Tox-onset, sample collected at the suspicion of the onset of any toxicity (cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome); VWF:Ag, von Willebrand factor antigen; α2-AP, α2-antiplasmin.