Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the patients

CharacteristicsChemoimmunotherapy group,
N (%)
(n=341)
Radiomics analysis in the chemoimmunotherapy group, N (%)Chemotherapy group,
N (%)
(n=57)
Training set
(n=174)
Validation set 1 (n=39)Validation set 2
(n=45)
Age, mean (SD), years62.0 (8.7)62.2 (9.0)62.3 (8.8)62.6 (8.5)62.0 (8.4)
Age group, years
 <65194 (57)93 (53)19 (49)27 (60)34 (60)
 ≥65147 (43)81 (47)20 (51)18 (40)23 (40)
Sex
 Male307 (90)158 (91)34 (87)40 (89)53 (93)
 Female34 (10)16 (9)5 (13)5 (11)4 (7)
Smoking status
 Smoker264 (77)149 (86)28 (72)23 (51)51 (89)
 Non-smoker77 (23)25 (14)11 (28)22 49)6 (11)
ECOG
 0–1316 (93)158 (91)37 (95)42 (93)51 (89)
 225 (7)16 (9)2 (5)3 (7)6 (11)
Disease stage at diagnosis*
 III50 (15)29 (17)0 (0)10 (22)14 (25)
 IV291 (85)145 (83)39 (100)35 (78)43 (75)
Brain metastases
 Yes66 (19)33 (19)8 (21)7 (16)10 (18)
 No275 (81)141 (81)31 (79)38(84)47 (82)
Liver metastases
 Yes69 (20)37 (21)9 (23)8 (18)13 (23)
 No272 (80)137 (79)30 (77)37 (82)44 (77)
LIPI
 Good117 (34)59 (34)8 (21)21 (47)16 (28)
 Intermediate143 (42)79 (45)11 (28)15 (33)27 (47)
 Poor81 (24)36 (21)20 (51)9 (20)14 (25)
Drug
 Durvalumab99 (29)81 (47)3 (8)0 (0)/
 Atezolizumab242 (71)93 (53)36 (92)45 (100)/
Best objective response†
 CR+PR264 (77)122 (70)33 (84)40 (89)42 (74)
 Stable disease68 (20)46 (26)3 (8)5 (11)9 (16)
 PD9 (3)6 (4)3 (8)0 (0)6 (10)
irAE
 Yes68 (20)39 (22)6 (15)6 (13)/
 No273 (80)135 (78)33 (85)39 (87)/
Radiotherapy
 Chest99 (29)55 (32)10 (26)9 (20)10 (16)
 Brain63 (18)34 (20)10 (26)5 (11)13 (23)
  • *Disease stage at diagnosis classified according to American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system.

  • †Best objective response was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, V.1.1.

  • CR, complete response; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; irAE, immune-related adverse event; LIPI, Lung Immune Prognostic Index; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response.