Characteristics of MM patients
| NDMM (n=10) | RRMM (n=10) | DARA-R MM (n=9) | |
| Age, years, median (range) | 61 (51–86) | 63 (54–77) | 65 (56–80) |
| Male, n (%) | 9 (90) | 6 (60) | 6 (67) |
| LDH, U/L | |||
| Median (range) | 203 (133–334) | 185 (58–1505) | 200 (81–294) |
| Unknown, n (%) | 3 (30) | 0 | 0 |
| Elevated, n (%) | 1 (14) | 1 (10) | 2 (22) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||
| Median (range) | 88 (12–90) | 86 (39–90) | 82 (45–90) |
| Unknown, n (%) | 1 (10) | 0 | 0 |
| B2-microglobulin, mg/L | |||
| Median (range) | 3,8 (2,1–12) | NA | NA |
| Unknown, n (%) | 3 (30) | ||
| M protein, n (%) | |||
| IgG | 3 (33) | 6 (60) | 3 (33) |
| IgA | 2 (22) | 2 (20) | 5 (56) |
| FLC only | 4 (44) | 2 (20) | 1 (11) |
| Non-secretor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 1 (10) | 0 | 0 |
| ISS score at diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 3 (33) | NA | NA |
| 2 | 3 (33) | ||
| 3 | 3 (33) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (10) | ||
| High risk cytogenetics,* n (%) | 2 (22) | 1 (11) | 6 (67) |
| del(17 p) | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| t(4;14) | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| t(14;16) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Prior lines, median (range) | 0 | 3 (2–5) | 4 (1–6) |
| Prior autologous SCT, n (%) | NA | 7 (70) | 8 (89) |
| Single | 4 (40) | 6 (67) | |
| Double | 3 (30) | 2 (22) | |
| Prior allogeneic SCT, n (%) | NA | 0 | 1 (11) |
| Thalidomide, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 4 (40) | 2 (22) | |
| Refractory† | 0 | 0 | |
| Lenalidomide, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 9 (90) | 8 (89) | |
| Refractory | 8 (80) | 7 (78) | |
| Pomalidomide, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 4 (40) | 0 | |
| Refractory | 4 (40) | 0 | |
| Bortezomib, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 9 (90) | 9 (100) | |
| Refractory | 2 (20) | 0 | |
| Carfilzomib, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 3 (30) | 2 (22) | |
| Refractory | 2 (20) | 1 (11) | |
| Ixazomib, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 1 (10) | 2 (22) | |
| Refractory | 1 (10) | 2 (22) | |
| Daratumumab, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 0 | 9 (100) | |
| Refractory | 0 | 9 | |
| Nivolumab, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 0 | 5 (56) | |
| Refractory | 0 | 5 (56) | |
| IMiD,‡ n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 10 (100) | 9 (100) | |
| Refractory | 10 (100) | 7 (78) | |
| PI,§ n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 10 (100) | 9 (100) | |
| Refractory | 5 (50) | 3 (33) | |
| IMID and PI, n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 10 (100) | 9 (100) | |
| Refractory | 5 (50) | 3 (33) | |
| Triple class,¶ n (%) | NA | ||
| Exposed | 0 | 9 (100) | |
| Refractory | 0 | 3 (33) | |
| Radiotherapy, n (%) | |||
| No | 8 (89) | 5 (50) | 7 (78) |
| Yes | 1 (11) | 5 (50) | 2 (22) |
| Unknown | 1 (10) | 0 | 0 |
| Extramedullary plasmacytomas, n (%) | |||
| No | 9 (100) | 8 (80) | 9 (100) |
| Yes | 0 | 2 (20) | 0 |
| Unknown | 1 (10) | 0 | 0 |
*Based on the presence of del(17 p), t(4;14) and/or t(14;16).
†Refractory disease was defined as progressive disease during therapy, no response (less than partial response), or progressive disease within 60 days of stopping treatment, according to the International Uniform Response Criteria for MM. BM samples were obtained at the time of diagnosis for newly diagnosed patients, and at the time of progression for other patients (n=19). Of these 19 patients, 8 progressed during their last line of therapy, and 7 patients progressed within 60 days after treatment was stopped. Four samples were collected at progression >60 days after stopping the last line of treatment.
‡Thalidomide, lenalidomide and/or pomalidomide.
§Bortezomib, carfilzomib, and/or ixazomib.
¶At least 1 IMiD, 1 PI, and CD38-targeting antibody.
BM, bone marrow; DRMM, daratumumab refractory MM; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FLC, free light chains; IMiD, immunomodulatory drug; ISS, International Staging System; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MM, multiple myeloma; NA, not applicable; NDMM, newly diagnosed MM; PI, proteasome inhibitor ; RRMM, relapsed/refractory MM; SCT, stem cell transplantation.