Table 3

Comparison of pathological outcomes

Study	Population	Ph	N	PE	Treatment	Key results
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy monotherapy vs dual immunotherapy
CANOPY-N NCT03968419	Stage IB-IIIA	II	88	MPR	Canakinumab vs pembrolizumab vs combined	Canakinumab: MPR 2.9% Pembrolizumab: MPR 11.1% Combined: MPR 17.1%
NeoCOAST NCT03794544	Stage I-IIIA	II	84	MPR	Durvalumab vs durvalumab+oleclumab vs durvalumab+monalizumab vs durvalumab+danvatirsen	Durvalumab: MPR 11.1% Oleclumab: MPR 19.0% Monalizumab: MPR 30.0% Danvatirsen: MPR 31.3%
NEOSTAR NCT03158129	Stage I-IIIA	II	44	MPR	Nivolumab vs nivolumab+ipilimumab	Nivolumab: MPR 22% Nivo+ipilimumab: MPR 38%
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoimmunotherapy
TD-FOREKNOW NCT04338620	Stage IIIA-IIIB	II	88	pCR	CT+camrelizumab vs CT	CT+camrelizumab: pCR 32.6% CT: pCR 8.9%
CheckMate 816 NCT02998528	Stage IB-IIIA	III	358	EFS, pCR	CT+nivolumab vs CT	CT+nivolumab: pCR 24.0%, MPR 36.9% CT: pCR 2.2%, MPR 8.9%
NADIM II NCT03838159	Stage IIIA-IIIB	II	86	pCR	CT+nivolumab vs CT	CT+nivolumab: pCR 37% CT: pCR 7%
AEGEAN NCT03800134	Stage II-IIIB	III	740	EFS, pCR	CT+durvalumab vs CT	Durvalumab: pCR 17.2%, MPR 33.3% CT: pCR 4.3%, MPR 12.3%
CheckMate 77T NCT04025879	Stage II-IIIB	III	461	EFS	CT+nivolumab vs CT	Nivolumab: pCR 25.3%, MPR 35.4% CT: pCR 4.7%, MPR 12.1%
KEYNOTE-671 NCT03425643	Stage II-IIIB	III	797	EFS, OS	CT+pembrolizumab vs CT	Pembrolizumab: pCR 18.1%, MPR 30.2% CT: pCR 4.0%, MPR 11.0%
Neotorch NCT04158440	Stage II-III	III	404	EFS, MPR	CT+toripalimab vs CT	Toripalimab: MPR 48.5%, pCR 24.8% CT: MPR 8.4%, pCR 1.0%
RATIONALE-315 NCT04379635	Stage II-IIIA	III	453	EFS, MPR	CT+tislelizumab vs CT	Tislelizumab: MPR 56.2%, pCR 40.7% CT: MPR 15.0%, pCR 5.7%
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Albain et al PMID19632716	Stage IIIA(N2)	III	396	OS	CT/RT/S vs CT/RT	pCR: 18%
Epithor PMID37156211	T3-4 tumors	RS	688	OS	S vs CT+S vs CT/RT/S	CRT: pCR: 18.5% CT: pCR: 6%
ESPATUE PMID26527789	Stage IIIA-B	III	246	OS	CT/RT/S vs CT/RT	pCR 33%
Cerfolio et al PMID19233668	Stage III	RS	216	DES	CT/RT/S	pCR 33%

CT, chemotherapy; DES, descriptive endpoints; EFS, event-free survival; MPR, major pathological response; OS, overall survival; pCR, pathological complete response; PE, primary endpoints; Ph, phase; RS, retrospective study; RT, radiotherapy; S, surgery.