Studies that investigated the effects of combining microwave ablation with immunomodulation and their results
| Microwave Ablation and Immunotherapy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Tumor Model | Immunotherapy | Endpoint | Ablation Monotherapy | Combination Therapy |
| Li, L., et al. [42] | 4 T1 Murine Breast Cancer | OK-432 | Total Survival After Treatment | No Significance Established Versus Control | Significantly Prolonged Compared to Monotherapy(p < 0.001) |
| Rechallenge to Surviving Mice 25 Days After Treatment | No Data | Significantly Decreased Tumor Volume Versus Control After 25 Days(p < 0.05) | |||
| Infiltration of CD4+ T Cells Into Tumors | Significantly Increased Versus Control(p < 0.001) | Significantly Increased Versus Control NOT Monotherapy(p < 0.001) | |||
| Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells Into Tumors | Significantly Increased Versus Control(p < 0.001) | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.001) | |||
| Percentage of Splenic CD4+ T Cells | Significantly Increased Versus Control(p < 0.01) | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.05) | |||
| Percentage of Splenic CD8+ T Cells | Significantly Increased Versus Control(p < 0.001) | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.01) | |||
| Number of 4 T1 Specific IFN-γ Secreting Cells | Significantly Increased Versus Control(p < 0.001) | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p = 0.031) | |||
| Ratio of Th1 to Th2 Cytokines Produced by CD4+ T Cells | No Significance Established Versus Control | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.05) | |||
| Levels of Plasma IL-18 7 Days After Treatment | No Significance Established Versus Control | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.01) | |||
| Levels of Plasma IL-2 7 Days After Treatment | No Significance Established Versus Control | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.05) | |||
| Levels of Plasma IL-12 7 Days After Treatment | Significantly Increased Versus Control(p < 005) | Significantly Increased Versus Monotherapy(p < 0.01) | |||
| Chen, Z., et al. [45] | Hepa 1–6 Murine Hepatoma | Intratumoral Microspheres EncapsulatingGM-CSF | Tumor Free Survival Following Rechallenge to Animals Surviving 8 Weeks | Used as Control with Sham BSA Microspheres | Significant Increase in Percent Tumor Free Survival Versus Monotherapy After 6–7 Weeks(p < 0.01) |
| Tumor Volume Following Rechallenge to Animals Surviving 8 Weeks | Used as Control with Sham BSA Microspheres | Significant Decrease Versus Monotherapy After 8 Weeks(p = 0.0183) | |||
| GM-CSF Microspheres + Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies | Tumor Free Survival Following Rechallenge to Animals Surviving 8 Weeks | MWA/GM-CSF/Sham IgG Antibodies Used as Control | Significant Increase in Percent Tumor Free Survival Versus Control After 6–7 Weeks(p = 0.0189) | ||
| Tumor Volume Following Rechallenge to Animals Surviving 8 Weeks | MWA/GM-CSF/Sham IgG Antibodies Used as Control | Significant Decrease in Tumor Volume Versus ControlAfter 8 Weeks(p < 0.02) | |||
| Total Survival After Inoculation | MWA/GM-CSF/Sham IgG Antibodies Used as Control | Significantly Prolonged Compared to Control(p < 0.002) | |||