MHC | Major Histocompatibility Complex | Tumor | Downregulation | T cell anergy as costimulatory signal for epitope imprinting factor not presented to T cells | [31–33, 43] |
TRAIL | Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand | Tumor | Downregulation | Induction of NK cell apoptosis by TRAIL-R2 binding | [31, 32, 38, 39, 43] |
FAS | CD95 | Tumor | Downregulation | Inability to induce TNF superfamily mediated apoptosis | [31, 32, 37, 48] |
HLA-E | Human Leukocyte Antigen E | Tumor | Upregulation | Binding to inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A on NK and CD8+ cells | [32, 44] |
TGFβ | Transforming Growth Factor Beta | Tumor | Upregulation | Inhibition of CD8+ T cell and NK cell proliferation and differentiation and disruption of T cell stimulation by antigen presenting cells | [32, 34–36] |
VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor | Tumor | Upregulation | Inhibition of NK κ B mediated dendritic cell differentiation | [32, 43, 49] |
IL 10 | Interleukin 10 | Tumor | Upregulation | Inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation and tumor cell TAP 1 and 2 production as well as CD4+ inhibition | [32, 42, 43] |
FLIP | FLICE Inhibitory Pathway | Tumor | Upregulation | Inhibition of death receptor mediated apoptosis by caspase 8 and FADD binding | [32, 37] |
CD47 | Integrin Associated Protein | Tumor | Upregulation | Signal regulatory protein alpha stimulation within macrophages for ‘don’t eat me’ signal | [31] |
Bcl XL | B Cell Lymphoma Extra Large | Tumor | Upregulation | Inhibition of TRAIL pathway and CD 95 mediated apoptosis | [32, 38] |
IFNγ | Interferon Gamma | Tumor | Downregulation | Loss of STAT1 activation and resultant MHC production | [21, 31, 39, 41, 43] |
IFNγ | Interferon Gamma | Niche | Upregulation | Induction of PDL1 production to induce T cell deactivation | [21, 31, 41, 43] |
iMCs | Immature Myeloid Cells | Niche | Upregulation | Induction of T cell apoptosis, inhibition of T cell proliferation, induction of regulatory phenotype | [32] |
Type II Mφ | Type II Macrophages | Niche | Upregulation | Disrupt Th1 immunity, promote angiogenesis and repair mechanisms | [21, 32, 45] |
IDO | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase | Immune | Upregulation | Suppression of activated cytotoxic T cells and induction of regulatory T cells | [30, 32, 50] |
CD4+CD25+ Treg | Regulatory T Cells | Immune | Upregulation | Prevention of activation for CD4+, CD8+, and NK T cells | [35, 40] |
CD1d restricted T cell | Type II Natural Killer T Cells | Immune | Upregulation | Suppression of cytotoxic T cell differentiation via TGFβ production | [32, 40] |
PDL1 | Programmed Death Ligand 1 or B7-H1 | Immune | Upregulation | Induction of T cell apoptosis by binding of PD1 | [32, 41] |