Vedolizumab therapy outcomes and clinical characteristics (n = 28)
| Characteristic | Clinical remission, No. (%) | Clinical failure, No. (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Total no. of patients | 24 | 4 |
| Checkpoint inhibitor type | ||
| CTLA-4 | 6 (25) | 2 (50) |
| PD-1/L1 | 11 (46) | 1 (25) |
| Combination | 7 (29) | 1 (25) |
| Mean duration of steroid therapy, days(SD) | 95 (79) | 99 (52) |
| Median time from symptom onset to vedolizumab/infliximab therapy, days (IQR) | 19 (6–152) | 9 (4–67) |
| Median no. of vedolizumab doses (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) |
| Mean fecal calprotectin level at time of onset μg/g (SD) | 299 (236) | 586 (584) |
| Peak grade of diarrhea | ||
| 2 | 12 (50) | 2 (50) |
| 3–4 | 12 (50) | 2 (50) |
| Initial endoscopic findings | ||
| Ulceration | 6 (25) | 3 (75) |
| Nonulcerative inflammation | 12 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Normal | 6 (25) | 1 (25) |
| Initial histologic findings | ||
| Active features | 24 (100) | 4 (100) |
| Chronic features | 10 (42) | 4 (100) |
| Microscopic | 9 (38) | 1 (25) |
| Mean overall duration of disease months (SD) | 5 (3) | 8 (5) |
| Mean fecal calprotectin level after vedolizumab therapy μg/g (SD) | 187 (108) | 270 (487) |
| Last repeat endoscopic findingsa | ||
| Ulceration | 1 (8) | 3 (75) |
| Nonulcerative inflammation | 6 (46) | 0 (0) |
| Normal | 6 (46) | 1 (25) |
| Active features on last repeat histologic analysisa | 9 (69) | 4 (100) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range
aRepeat endoscopy and histologic analysis was performed in 13 patients with clinical remission