Regular ArticleRole of 4-1BB in immune responses
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2023, Seminars in Cancer BiologyThe application of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer and the emerging role of nanoparticle
2021, Journal of Controlled ReleaseCitation Excerpt :The ICOS/ICOS-L signaling pathway has a dual effect; indeed, ICOS-L expression is increased in several types of tumors which maintains the immunosuppressive effects of Treg cells, however, following cancer immunotherapy with anti-CTLA-4, the number of ICOS-expressing T cells increased in the tumor microenvironment, which in turn improved the antitumor response [95]. The 4-1BB (CD137) molecule is a stimulant of the TNFR superfamily expressed on the surface of both lymphoid (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK and NKT cells) and myeloid (monocytes) cells [96–98]; however, its expression may be increased as a result of activation on the surface of T cells [99,100]. Binding of CD137 to CD137L __which is expressed on the professional APCs__ recruits TRAFs 1 and 2 to its cytoplasmic region.
Comprehensive analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor TNFRSF9 (4-1BB) DNA methylation with regard to molecular and clinicopathological features, immune infiltrates, and response prediction to immunotherapy in melanoma
2020, EBioMedicineCitation Excerpt :In mouse models, in vivo effects of TNFRSF9 signaling activation were demonstrated to include CD8+ T cell activation and tumor eradication [1,10]. Induction of the TNFRSF9 signaling pathway, via receptor binding, recruits TNFR-associated factor 1 and 2, leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade [3,11,12]. In CD8+ T cells, TNFRSF9 signaling promotes activation, proliferation and production of cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) [13–15].