Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Dendritic cell biology and regulation of dendritic cell trafficking by chemokines

  • Published:
Springer Seminars in Immunopathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

DC (dendritic cells) represent an heterogeneous family of cells which function as sentinels of the immune system. They traffic from the blood to the tissues where, while immature, they capture antigens. Then, following inflammatory stimuli, they leave the tissues and move to the draining lymphoid organs where, converted into mature DC, they prime naive T cells. The key role of DC migration in their sentinel function led to the investigation of the chemokine responsiveness of DC populations during their development and maturation. These studies have shown that immature DC respond to many CC and CXC chemokines (MIP-lα, MIP-iβ, MIP-3α, MIP-5, MCP-3, MCP-4, RANTES, TECK and SDF-1) which are inducible upon inflammatory stimuli. Importantly, each immature DC population displays a unique spectrum of chemokine responsiveness. For examples, Langerhans cells migrate selectively to MIP-3α (via CCR6), blood CDllc+ DC to MCP chemokines (via CCR2), monocytes derived-DC respond to MIP-lα/β (via CCR1 and CCR5), while blood CDllc- DC precursors do not respond to any of these chemokines. All these chemokines are inducible upon inflammatory stimuli, in particular MIP-3α, which is only detected within inflamed epithelium, a site of antigen entry known to be infiltrated by immature DC. In contrast to immature DC, mature DC lose their responsiveness to most of these inflammatory chemokines through receptor down-regulation or desensitization, but acquire responsiveness to ELC/MIP-3β and SLCASCkine as a consequence of CCR7 up-regulation. ELC/MIP-3(3 and SLC/6Ckine are specifically expressed in the T-cell-rich areas where mature DC home to become interdigitating DC. Altogether, these observations suggest that the inflammatory chemokines secreted at the site of pathogen invasion will determine the DC subset recruited and will influence the class of the immune response initiated. In contrast, MIP-3β/6Ckine have a determinant role in the accumulation of antigen-loaded mature DC in T cell-rich areas of the draining lymph node, as illustrated by recent observations in mice deficient for CCR7 or SLC/6Ckine. A better understanding of the regulation of DC trafficking might offer new opportunities of therapeutic interventions to suppress, stimulate or deviate the immune response.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adema GJ, Hartgers F, Verstraten R, Vries E de, Marland G, Menon S, Foster J, Xu Y, Nooyen P, McClanahan T, Bacon KB, Figdor CG (1997) A dendritic cell derived CC chemokine that preferentially attracts naive T cells. Nature 387: 713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Albert ML, Sauter B, Bhardwaj N (1998) Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 392: 86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ayehunie S, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Hoxie JA, Horuk R, Kupper TS, Luster AD, Ruprecht RM (1997) Human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry into purified blood dendritic cells through CC and CXC chemokine coreceptors. Blood 90: 1379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Banchereau J, Steinman RM (1998) Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392: 245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bazan JF, Bacon KB, Hardiman G, Wang W, Soo K, Rossi D, Greaves DR, Zlotnik A, Schall TJ (1997) A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385: 640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bell D, Chomarat P, Broyles D, Netto G, Harb GM, Lebecque S, Valladeau J, Davoust J, Palucka KA, Banchereau J (1999) In breast carcinoma tissue, immature DC reside within the tumor while mature DC are located in peritumoral areas. J Exp Med 190: 1417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Berney C, Herren S, Power CA, Gordon S, Martinez-Pomares L, Kosco-Vilbois MH (1999) A member of the dendritic cell family that enters B cell follicles and stimulates primary antibody responses identified by a mannose receptor fusion protein. J Exp Med 190: 851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bleul CC, Fuhlbrigge RC, Casasnovas JM, Aiuti A, Springer TA (1996) A highly efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). J Exp Med 184: 1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bochner BS, Bickel CA, Taylor ML, MacGlashan DW Jr, Gray PW, Raport CJ, Godiska R (1999) Macrophage-derived chemokine induces human eosinophil chemotaxis in a CC chemokine receptor 3-and CC chemokine receptor 4-independent manner. J Allergy Clin Immunol 103: 527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bonecchi R, Bianchl G, Bordignon PP, D’Ambrosio D, Lang R, Borsatti A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Gray PA, Mantovani A, Sinigaglia F (1998) Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (This) and Th2s. J Exp Med 187: 129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Borkowski TA, Letterlo JJ, Farr AG, Udey MC (1996) A role for endogenous transforming growth factor B 1 in Langerhans cell biology: the skin of transforming growth factor Bl null mice is devoid of epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 184: 2417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Butcher EC, Picker U (1996) Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science 272: 60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Campbell JJ, Hedrick J, Zlotnik A, Siani MA, Thompson DA, Butcher EC (1998) Chemokines and the arrest of lymphocytes rolling under flow conditions. Science 279: 381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Carramolino L, Kremer L, Goya I, Varona R, Buesa JM, Gutierrez J, Zaballos A, Martinez AC, Marquez G (1999) Down-regulation of the beta-chemokine receptor CCR6 in dendritic cells mediated by TNF-alpha and IL-4. J Leukoc Biol 66: 837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Caux C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Schmitt D, Banchereau J (1992) GM-CSF and TNF-α cooperate in the generation of dendritic Langerhans cells. Nature 360: 258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Caux C, Massacrier Q Dubois B, Valladeau J, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Schmitt D, Saeland S (1999) Respective involvement of TGFβ and IL-4 in the development of Langerhans cells and non Langerhans dendritic cells from CD34+ progenitors. J Leukoc Biol 66: 781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. 17. Caux C, Vanbervliet B, Massacrier C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Saint-Vis B de, Jacquet C, Yoneda K, Imamura S, Schmitt D, Banchereau J (1996) CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to GM-CSF + TNF-α J Exp Med 184: 695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cella M, Engering A, Pinet V, Pieters J, Lanzavecchia A (1997) Inflammatory stimuli induce accumulation of MHC class II complexes on dendritic cells. Nature 388: 782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. 19. Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, Alebardi O, Nakajima H, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M (1999) Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med 5: 919

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K, Lane P, Lanzavecchia A, Alber G (1996) Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of Interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. J Exp Med 184: 747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chan VW, Kothakota S, Rohan MC, Panganiban-Lustan L, Gardner JP, Wachowicz MS, Winter JA, Williams LT (1999) Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC) is chemotactic for mature dendritic cells. Blood 93: 3610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Charbonnier AS, Kohrgruber N, Kriehuber E, Stingl G, Rot A, Maurer D (1999) Macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha is involved in the constitutive trafficking of epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 190: 1755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. D’Amico G, Bianchl G, Bernascon S, Bersani L, Piemonti L, Sozzani S, Mantovani A, Allavena P (1998) Adhesion, transendothelial migration, and reverse transmigration of in vitro cultured dendritic cells. Blood 92: 207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Delgado E, Finkel V, Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I, Mackay CR, Steinman RM, Granelli-Piperno A (1998) Mature dendritic cells respond to SDF-1 but not to several beta-chemokines. Immunobiology 198: 2

    Google Scholar 

  25. De Saint-Vis B, Vincent J, Vandenabeele S, Vanbervliet B, Pin JJ, Ait-Yahia S, Patel S, Mattei MG, Banchereau J, Zurawski S, Davoust J, Caux C, Lebecque S (1998) A novel lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein, DC-LAMP, induced upon DC maturation, is transiently expressed in MHC class 11 compartment. Immunity 9: 325

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Dieu MC, Vanbervliet B, Vicari A, Bridon JM, Oldham E, Ait-Yahia S, Brière F, Zlotnik A, Lebecque S, Caux C (1998) Selective recruitment of immature and mature dendritic cells by distinct chemokines expressed in different anatomic sites. J Exp Med 188: 1

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dieu-Nosjean MC, Vicari A, Lebecque S, Caux C (1999) Regulation of dendritic cell trafficking: a process which involves the participation of selective chemokines. J Leukoc Biol 66: 252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dubois B, Barthélémy C, Durand I, Liu YJ, Caux C, Brière F (1999) Toward a role of dendritic cells in the germinal center reaction: triggering of B cell proliferation and isotype switching. J Immunol 162162: 34

    Google Scholar 

  29. Farber JM (1997) Mig and IP-1 0: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 61: 246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Flynn S, Toeliner KM, Raykundalia C, Goodall M, Lane P (1998) CD4 T cell cytokine differentiation: the B cell activation molecule, OX40 ligand, instructs CD4 T cells to express interleukin 4 and upregulates expression of the chemokine receptor, Blr-1. J Exp Med 188: 297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Forster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M (1996) A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 87: 1037

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Forster R, Schubel A, Breitfeld D, Kremmer E, Renner-Muller I, Wolf E, Lipp M (1999) CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs. Cell 99: 23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Foti M, Granucci F, Aggujaro D, Liboi E, Luini W, Minardi S, Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P (1999) Upon dendritic cell (DC) activation chemokines and chemokine receptor expression are rapidly regulated for recruitment and maintenance of DC at the inflammatory site. Int Immunol 11:979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Garcia de Vinuesa C, Gulbranson-Judge A, Khan M, Oteary P, Cascalho M, Wabl M, Klaus GGB, Owen MJ, MacLennan ICM (1999) Dendritic cells associated with plasmablast survival. Eur J Immunol 29: 3712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Geissmann F, Prost C, Monnet JP, Dy M, Brousse N, Hermine 0 (1998) Transforming growth factor beta 1, in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4, induces differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into dendritic Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 187: 961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Geissmann F, Revy P, Regnault A, Lepelletier Y, Dy M, Brousse N, Amigorena S, Hermine O, Durandy A (1999) TGF-beta 1 prevents the noncognate maturation of human dendritic Langerhans cells. J Immunol 162: 4567

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Godiska R, Chantry D, Raport CJ, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Leviten D, Mantovani A, Gray PW (1997) Human macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), a novel chemoattractant for monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. J Exp Med 185: 1595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gosling J, Dairaghi DJ, Wang Y, Hanley M, Talbot D, Miao Z, Schall TJ (2000) Cutting edge: identification of a novel chemokine receptor that binds dendritic cell- and T cell active chemokines including ELC, SLC, and TECK. J Immunol 164: 2851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Grouard G, Durand I, Filgueira L, Banchereau J, Liu YJ (1996) Dendritic cells capable of stimulating T cells in germinal centers. Nature 384: 364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Grouard G, Rissoan MC, Filgueira L, Durand I, Banchereau J, Liu YJ (1997) The enigmatic plasmacytoid T cells develop into dendritic cells with IL-3 and CD40 ligand. J Exp Med 185: 1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gunn MD, Kyuwa S, Tarn C, Kakiuchi T, Matsuzawa A, Williams LT, Nakano H (1999) Mice lacking expression of secondary lymphoid organ chemokine have defects in lymphocyte homing and dendritic cell localization. J Exp Med 189: 451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT (1998) A B-cell homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt’s lymphoma receptor-1. Nature 391: 799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Gunn MD, Tangemann K, Tarn Q, Cyster JG, Rosen SD, Williams LT (1998) A chemokine expressed in lymphoid high endothelial venules promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of naive T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hart DNJ, McKenzie JL (1990) Interstitial dendritic cells. Int Rev Immunol 6: 128

    Google Scholar 

  45. Hedrick JA, Zlotnik A (1997) Identification and characterization of a novel beta chemokine containing six conserved cysteines. J Immunol 159: 1589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hieshima K, Imai T, Opdenakker G, Van Damme J, Kusuda J, Tel H, Sakaki Y, Takatsuki K, Miura R, Yoshie O, Nomiyama H (1997) Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) expressed in liver. Chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and gene localization on chromosome 2. J Biol Chem 272: 5846

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hromas R, Gray PW, Chantry D, Godiska R, Krathwohl M, Fife K, Beil Gl, Takeda J, Aronica S, Gordon M, Cooper S, Broxmeyer HE, Klemsz MJ (1997) Cloning and characterization of exodus, a novel beta-chemokine. Blood 89: 3315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Imai T, Nagira M, Takagi S, Kakizaki M, Nishimura M, Wang J, Gray PW, Matsushima K, Yoshie O (1999) Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. Int Immunol 11: 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kanazawa N, Nakamura T, Tashiro K, Muramatsu M, Morita K, Yoneda K, Inaba K, Imamura S, Honjo T (1999) Fractalkine and macrophage-derived chemokine: T cell-attracting chemokines expressed in T cell area dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 29: 1925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kellermann SA, Hudak S, Oldham ER, Liu YJ, McEvoy LM (1999) The CC chemokine receptor-7 ligands 6Ckine and macrophage inflammatory protein-3 beta are potent chemoattractants for in vitro- and in vivo-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 162: 3859

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Krishnaswamy G, Kelley J, Yerra L, Smith JK, Chi DS (1999) Human endothelium as a source of multifunctional cytokines: molecular regulation and possible role in human disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 19:91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lanzavecchia A (1998) Licence to kill. Nature 393: 413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Lanzavecchia A, Lezzi G, Viola A (1999) From TCR engagement to T cell activation: a kinetic view of T cell behavior. Cell 96: 1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Legler DF, Loetscher M, Stuber Roos R, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B (1998) B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J Exp Med 187: 655

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lenz A, Heine M, Schuler G, Romani N (1993) Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 92: 2587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Liao F, Rabin RL, Smith CS, Sharma G, Nutman TB, Farber JM (1999) CC-chemokine receptor 6 is expressed on diverse memory subsets of T cells and determines responsiveness to macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha. J Immunol 162: 186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Lieberam I, Forster I (1999) The murine beta-chemokine TARC is expressed by subsets of dendritic cells and attracts primed CD4+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 29: 2684

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Lin CL, Suri RM, Rahdon RA, Austyn JM, Roake JA (1998) Dendritic cell chemotaxis and transendothelial migration are induced by distinct chemokines and are regulated on maturation. Eur J Immunol 28: 4114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Liu YJ, Barthélémy C, de Bouteiller O, Arpin C, Durand I, Banchereau J (1995) Memory B cells from human tonsils colonize mucosal epithelium and directly present antigen to T cells by rapid upregulation of B7.1 and B7.2. Immunity 2: 23

    Google Scholar 

  60. Maldonado-Lopez R, De Smedt T, Michel P, Godfroid J, Pajak B, Heirman C, Thielemans K, Leo O, Urbain J, Moser M (1999) CD8alpha+ and CD8alpha subclasses of dendritic cells direct the development of distinct T helper cells in vivo. J Exp Med 189: 587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mantovani A, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Sozzani S (1998) Chemokines and chemokine receptors during activation and deactivation of monocytes and dendritic cells and in amplification of Thl versus Th2 responses. Int J Clin Lab Res 28: 77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Martinez-Pomares L, Kosco-Vilbois M, Darley E, Tree P, Herren S, Bonnefoy JY, Gordon S (1996) Fc chimeric protein containing the cysteine-rich domain of the murine mannose receptor binds to macrophages from splenic marginal zone and lymph node subcapsular sinus and to germinal centers. J Exp Med 184: 1927

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. McWilliam AS, Napoli S, Marsh AM, Pemper FL, Nelson DJ, Pimm CL, Stumbles PA, Wells TN, Holt PG (1996) Dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli. J Exp Med 184: 2429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. McWilliam AS, Nelson D, Thomas JA, Holt PG (1994) Rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces. J Exp Med 179: 1331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Moody DB, Besra GS, Wilson IA, Porcelli SA (1999) The molecular basis of CD1-mediated presentation of lipid antigens. Immunol Rev 172: 285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Nagira M, Imai T, Hieshima K, Kusuda J, Ridanpaa M, Takagi S, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O (1997) Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine secondary lymphoid- tissue chemokine that is a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes and mapped to chromosome 9pl3.J Biol Chem 272:19518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Nakano H, Mori S, Yonekawa H, Nariuchi H, Matsuzawa A, Kakiuchi T (1998) A novel mutant gene involved in T-lymphocyte-specific homing into peripheral lymphoid organs on mouse chromosome 4. Blood 91: 2886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Nestle FO, Zheng X-G, Thompson CB, Turka LA, Nickoloff BJ (1993) Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets. J Immunol 151: 6535

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Ngo VN, Korner H, Gunn MD, Schmidt KN, Riminton DS, Cooper MD, Browning JL, Sedgwick JD, Cyster JG (1999) Lymphotoxin alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor are required for stromal cell expression of homing chemokines in B and T cell areas of the spleen. J Exp Med 189: 403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ngo VN, Tang HL, Cyster JG (1998) Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine is expressed by dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues and strongly attracts naive T cells and activated B cells. J Exp Med 188: 181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nishida T, Inoue K, Kato T, Iwata T, Kinoshita H, Kaneda K (1999) Localization and ultrastructure of pulmonary dendritic cells during delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice. Cell Tissue Res 297:485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ogata M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Itakura M, Zhang YY, Harada A, Hashimoto S, Matsushima K (1999) Chemotactic response toward chemokines and its regulation by transforming growth factor-beta 1 of murine bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell-derived different subset of dendritic cells. Blood 93: 3225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Papadopoulos EJ, Sassetti C, Saeki H, Yamada N, Kawamura T, Fitzhugh DJ, Saraf MA, Schall T, Blauvelt A, Rosen SD, Hwang ST (1999) Fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, is expressed by dendritic cells and is up-regulated upon dendritic cell maturation. Eur J Immunol 29: 2551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Pierre P, Turley SJ, Gatti E, Hull M, Meltzer J, Mirza A, Inaba K, Steinman RM, Mellman I (1997) Developmental regulation of MHC class II transport in mouse dendritic cells. Nature 388: 787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Pulendran B, Smith JL, Caspary G, Brasel K, Pettit D, Maraskovsky E, Maliszewski CR (1999) Distinct dendritic cell subsets differentially regulate the class of immune response in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 1036

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Randolph GJ, Beaulieu S, Lebecque S, Steinman RM, Muller W (1998) Differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in a model of transendothelial trafficking. Science 282: 480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Randolph GJ, Beaulieu S, Pope M, Sugawara I, Hoffman L, Steinman RM, Muller WA (1998) A physiologic function for p-glycoprotein (MDR-1) during the migration of dendritic cells from skin via afferent lymphatic vessels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 6924

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Randolph GJ, Inaba K, Robblani DF, Steinman RM, Muller WA (1999) Differentiation of phagocytic monocytes into lymph node dendritic cells in vivo. Immunity 11: 753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Res PC, Couwenberg F, Vyth-Dreese FA, Spits H (1999) Expression of pTalpha mRNA in a committed dendritic cell precursor in the human thymus. Blood 94: 2647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Rissoan MC, Soumelis V, Kadowaki N, Grouard G, Brière F, Waal Malefyt R de, Liu YJ (1999) Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. Science 2283: 1183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Robert C, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kieffer JD, Ayehunie S, Hynes RO, Cheng G, Grabbe S, von Andrian UH, Kupper TS (1999) Interaction of dendritic cells with skin endothelium: a new perspective on immunosurveillance. J Exp Med 189: 627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Romani N, Gruner S, Brang D, Kämpgen E, Lenz A, Trockenbacher B, Konwalinka G, Fritsch PO, Steinman RM, Schuler G (1994) Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood. J Exp Med 180: 83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rossi DL, Vicari AP, Franz-Bacon K, McClanahan TK, Zlotnik A (1997) Identification through bioinformatics of two new macrophage proinflammatory human chemokines: MIP-3alpha and MIP-3beta. J Immunol 158: 1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Saeki H, Moore AM, Brown MJ, Hwang ST (1999) Cutting edge: secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC) and CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) participate in the emigration pathway of mature dendritic cells from the skin to regional lymph nodes. J Immunol 162: 2472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Sallusto F, Cella M, Danieli C, Lanzavecchia A (1995) Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: down-regulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J Exp Med 182: 389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A (1994) Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med 179: 1109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A (1999) Mobilizing dendritic cells for tolerance, priming, and chronic inflammation. J Exp Med 189: 611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Sallusto F, Lenig D, Forster R, Lipp M, Lanzavecchia A (1999) Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 401: 708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Sallusto F, Lenig D, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A (1998) Flexible programs of chemokine receptor expression on human polarized T helper 1 and 2 lymphocytes. J Exp Med 187: 875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Sallusto F, Palermo B, Lenig D, Miettinen M, Matikainen S, Julkunen I, Forster R, Burgstahler R, Lipp M, Lanzavecchia A (1999) Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulated dendritic cell function. Eur J Immunol 29: 1617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Sallusto F, Schaerli P, Loetscher P, Schaniel C, Lenig D, Mackay CR, Qin S, Lanzavecchia A (1998) Rapid and coordinated switch in chemokine receptor expression during dendritic cell maturation. Eur J Immunol 28: 2760

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Sato H, Kamiya H (1998) Accelerated influx of dendritic cells into the lymph nodes draining skin sites exposed to attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni in guinea-pigs. Parasite Immunol 20:337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Sato K, Kawasaki H, Nagayama H, Enomoto M, Morimoto C, Tadokoro K, Juji T, Takahashi TA (2000) TGF-beta 1 reciprocally controls chemotaxis of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells via chemokine receptors. J Immunol 164: 2285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Schaniel C, Pardali E, Sallusto F, Speletas M, Ruedl C, Shimizu T, Seidl T, Andersson J, Melchers F, Rolink AG, Sidéras P (1998) Activated murine B lymphocytes and dendritic cells produce a novel CC chemokine which acts selectively on activated T cells. J Exp Med 1188: 451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Schneeberger EE, Vu Q, LeBlanc BW, Doerschuk CM (2000) The accumulation of dendritic cells in the lung is impaired in CD 18-/- but not in ICAM-1-/-mutant mice. J Immunol 164: 2472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Shortman K, Vremec D, Corcoran LM, Georgopoulos K, Lucas K, Wu L (1998) The linkage between T-cell and dendritic cell development in the mouse thymus. Immunol Rev 165: 39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Siegal FP, Kadowaki N, Shodell M, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly PA, Shah K, Ho S, Antonenko S, Liu YJ (1999) The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood. Science 284: 1835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Soto H, Wang W, Strieter RM, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Hedrick J, Zlotnik A (1998) The CC chemokine 6Ckine binds the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 8205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Sozzani S, Allavena P, D’Amico G, Luini W, Bianchi G, Kataura M, Imai T, Yoshie O, Bonecchi R, Mantovani A (1998) Differential regulation of chemokine receptors during dendritic cell maturation: a model for their trafficking properties. J Immunol 161: 1083

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Sozzani S, Luini W, Borsatti A, Polentarutti N, Zhou D, Piémont L, D’Amico G, Power CA, Wells TN, Gobbi M, Allavena P, Mantovani A (1997) Receptor expression and responsiveness of human dendritic cells to a defined set of CC and CXC chemokines. J Immunol 1159: 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Sozzani S, Sallusto F, Luini W, Zhou D, Piemonti L, Allavena P, Damme J van, Valitutti S, Lanzavecchia A, Mantovani A (1995) Migration of dendritic cells in response to formyl peptides, C5a, and a distinct set of chemokines. J Immunol 155: 3292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Steinman RM (1991) The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 9:271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Strunk D, Egger C, Leitner G, Hanau D, Stingl G (1997) A skin homing molecule defines the Langerhans cell progenitor in human peripheral blood. J Exp Med 185: 1131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Tager AM, Luster AD, Leary CP, Sakamoto H, Zhao LH, Preffer F, Kradin RL (1999) Accessory cells with immunophenotypic and functional features of monocyte-derived dendritic cells are recruited to the lung during pulmonary inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 66: 901

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Tanaka Y, Imai T, Baba M, Ishikawa I, Ueshira M, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O (1999) Selective expression of liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) in intestinal epithelium in mice and humans. Eur J Immunol 29: 633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Tang A, Amagai M, Granger LG, Stanley JR, Udey MC (1993) Adhesion of epidermal Langerhans cells to keratinocytes mediated by E-cadherin. Nature 361: 82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Tang HL, Cyster JG (1999) Chemokine up-regulation and activated T cell attraction by maturing dendritic cells. Science 284: 819

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Tangemann K, Gunn MD, Giblin P, Rosen SD (1998) A high endothelial cellderived chemokine induces rapid, efficient, and subset-selective arrest of rolling T lymphocytes on a reconstituted endothelial substrate. J Immunol 161: 6330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Valladeau J, Duvert-Frances V, Pin J-J, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Vincent C, Massacrier C, Vincent J, Yoneda K, Banchereau J, Caux C, Davoust J, Saeland S (1999) The monoclonal antibody DCGM4 recognizes Langerin, a protein specific of Langerhans cells, and is rapidly internalized from the cell surface. Eur J Immunol 29: 2695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Valladeau J, Ravel 0, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Moore K, Kleijmeer M, Liu Y, Duvert-Francès V, Vincent C, Schmitt D, Davoust J, Caux C, Lebecque S, Saeland S (2000) Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules. Immunity 112: 71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Vassileva G, Soto H, Zlotnik A, Nakano H, Kakiuchl T, Hedrick JA, Lira SA (1999) The reduced expression of 6Ckine in the pit mouse results from the deletion of one of two 6Ckine genes. J Exp Med 190: 1183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Vecchi A, Massimillano L, Ramponi S, Luini W, Bernasconi S, Bonecchi R, Allavena P, Parmentier M, Mantovani A, Sozzani S (1999) Differential responsiveness to constitutive vs. inducible chemokines of immature and mature mouse dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 66: 489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Vestergaard C, Yoneyama H, Murai M, Nakamura K, Tamaki K, Terashima Y, Imai T, Yoshie O, Irlmura T, Mizutani H, Matsushima K (1999) Overproduction of Th2-specific chemokines in NC/Nga mice exhibiting atopic dermatitis-like lesions. J Clin Invest 104: 1097

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Vicari AP, Figueroa DJ, Hedrick JA, Foster JS, Singh KP, Menon S, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Bacon KB, Zlotnik A (1997) TECK: a novel CC chemokine specifically expressed by thymic dendritic cells and potentially involved in T cell development. Immunity 7: 291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Walker LS, Gulbranson-Judge A, Flynn S, Brocker T, Raykundalia Q, Goodall M, Forster R, Lipp M, Lane P (1999) Compromised OX40 function in CD28-deficient mice is linked with failure to develop CXC chemokine receptor 5-positive CD4 cells and germinal centers. J Exp Med 190: 1115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Willimann K, Legler DF, Loescher M, Roos RS, Delgado MB, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B (1998) The chemokine SI-C is expressed in T cell areas of lymph nodes and mucosal lymphoid tissues and attracts activated T cells via CCR7. Eur J Immunol 28: 2025

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Wu Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Hedgeman EO, Browning JL, Fu YX (1999) The requirement of membrane lymphotoxin for the presence of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. J Exp Med 190: 629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Wykes M, Pombo A, Jenkins C, MacPherson GG (1998) Dendritic cells interact directly with naive B lymphocytes to transfer antigen and initiate class switching in a primary T-dependent response. J Immunol 161: 1313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Xu LL, Warren MK, Rose WL, Gong W, Wang JM (1996) Human recombinant monocyte chemotactic protein and other CC chemokines bind and induce directional migration of dendritic cells in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 60: 365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Yamamoto N, Suzuki S, Shirai A, Suzuki M, Nakazawa M, Nagashima Y, Okubo T (2000) Dendritic cells are associated with augmentation of antigen sensitization by influenza A virus infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 30: 316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Yanagihara S, Komura E, Nagafune J, Watarai H, Yamaguchi Y (1998) EBI1/CCR7 is a new member of dendritic cell chemokine receptors that is upregulated upon maturation. J Immunol 161: 3096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Yang D, Chertov O, Bykovskaia SN, Chen Q, Buffo MJ, Shogan J, Anderson M, Schroder JM, Wang JM, Howard OM, Oppenheim JJ (1999) Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science 286: 525

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Yang D, Howard OM, Chen Q, Oppenheim JJ (1999) Cutting edge: immature dendritic cells generated from monocytes in the presence of TGF-beta 1 express functional C-C chemokine receptor 6. J Immunol 163: 1737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Yoshida R, Imai T, Hieshima K, Kusuda J, Baba M, Kitaura M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O (1997) Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine EBIl-ligand chemokine that is a specific functional ligand for EBI1, CCR7. J Biol Chem 272: 13803

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Caux, C., Ait-Yahia, S., Chemin, K. et al. Dendritic cell biology and regulation of dendritic cell trafficking by chemokines. Springer Semin Immunopathol 22, 345–369 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002810000053

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002810000053

Keywords

Navigation