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Multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to monitor metastasis and the tumor microenvironment

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Abstract

Cancer metastasis involves complex cell behavior and interaction with the extracellular matrix by metabolically active cells. To observe invasion and metastasis with sub-cellular resolution in vivo, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) allows imaging more deeply into tissues with less toxicity, compared with other optical imaging methods. MPM can be combined with second harmonic generation (SHG), fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and spectral-lifetime imaging microscopy (SLIM). SHG facilitates imaging of stromal collagen and tumor–stroma interactions, including the architecture and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. FLIM allows characterization of exogenous and endogenous fluorophores, such as the metabolites FAD and NADH to score for metabolic state and provide optical biomarkers. SLIM permits additional identification and separation of endogenous and exogenous fluorophores by simultaneously collecting their spectra and lifetime, producing an optical molecular “fingerprint”. Both FLIM and SLIM also serve as an improved method for the assessment of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET). Hence, the use and further development of these approaches strongly enhances the visualization and quantification of tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Herein, we review recent developments of multiphoton FLIM and SLIM to study 2D and 3D cell migration, invasion into the tumor microenvironment, and metastasis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the DOD-CDMRP/BCRP: W81XWH-04-1-0428 to (PPP), NIH-NCI: R01-CA076537 (PJK) and NIH NIBIB: R01-EB000184 (KWE). We also thank members of the Keely lab and LOCI for their input.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Paolo P. Provenzano & Patricia J. Keely

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Paolo P. Provenzano, Kevin W. Eliceiri & Patricia J. Keely

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Paolo P. Provenzano, Kevin W. Eliceiri & Patricia J. Keely

  4. Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Paolo P. Provenzano, Kevin W. Eliceiri & Patricia J. Keely

  5. University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA

    Paolo P. Provenzano & Patricia J. Keely

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  1. Paolo P. Provenzano
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  2. Kevin W. Eliceiri
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  3. Patricia J. Keely
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Correspondence to Paolo P. Provenzano.

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Provenzano, P.P., Eliceiri, K.W. & Keely, P.J. Multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to monitor metastasis and the tumor microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 26, 357–370 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-008-9204-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-008-9204-0

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