High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free mice: A possible role for interferon-γ
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Gut microbiota and immunology of the gastrointestinal tract
2019, Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and MotilityObesity and the gut microbiome: Striving for causality
2012, Molecular MetabolismCitation Excerpt :Nonetheless, increased weight gain has been reported after reductive colonization of germ-free mice with a two species system consisting of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron and Methanobrevibacter smithii [109,110], something that may well be a function of total intestinal bacterial load, as mice colonized with both B. thetaiotamicron and M. smithii–in comparison to mice colonized with either species alone or maintained in a germ-free state – had both increased bacterial burdens and adiposity [109]. Given the profound baseline physiologic abnormalities exhibited by germ-free mice [76–78,103,105,118], the fact that provision of microbiota alters gut physiology, energy handling and the obesogenic potential of such mice is neither surprising nor particularly informative as to whether specific properties of the microbiome play an important role in regulating obesity. A related approach towards defining causality has employed the transfer of fecal microbiota from lean and obese mice into matched groups of germ-free recipients.
Use of axenic animals in studying the adaptation of mammals to their commensal intestinal microbiota
2007, Seminars in ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :The short-range interactions on the intestine or mucosal immune system itself are by no means the only consequences of bacterial colonization. Central systemic lymphoid structures have a hypoplastic structure, with reduced B and T cell content and poorly formed high endothelial venules in germ-free animals [33,34]. Since live commensal bacteria are generally absent from systemic secondary lymphoid structures, and SPF mice are immunologically ignorant of these organisms [35,36] the effects are likely to be due to microbial molecules that are absorbed into the body: this has been directly shown for a bacterial polysaccharide (PSA) of Bacteroides fragilis which can normalize the CD4 T cell content of the spleen when given as a purified compound [37].
Peripheral lymphoid tissue-like adhesion molecule expression in nodular infiltrates in inflammatory myopathies
1996, Neuromuscular DisordersWhich steps in lymphocyte recirculation are regulated by interferon-γ?
1994, Research in ImmunologyLymphocyte migration in health and inflammatory rheumatic disease
1991, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism