The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
ReviewInflammation and angiotensin II
Section snippets
Alteration of vascular permeability by RAS
Local increase of vascular permeability resulting in cell infiltration and exudation of protein-rich fluid is the most important event in the initial phase of the inflammation (Michell & Cotran, 1999).
RAS effects on cell adhesion and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells
A critical step in the inflammatory response is the leukocyte extravasation, from lumen to the interstitial tissue, that can be divided as follows: (1) cell margination (rolling and adhesion); (2) transmigration; and (3) migration toward chemotactic stimuli (Michell & Cotran, 1999).
Modulation of tissue repair by RAS via cellular and connective tissue replacement
Tissue repair is the most important outcome of the inflammatory response and involves two distinct processes: (1) regeneration, denoting the replacement of injured cells by cells of the same type; and (2) replacement by connective tissue, called fibrosis, which causes a permanent scar (Michell & Cotran, 1999).
Conclusion
In this paper we review the multifunctional properties of AngII (local RAS) acting on alteration of hemodynamics and vascular permeability, expression of adhesion molecules, chemotaxis for leukocytes, activation of vascular pericytes, and repair via cellular growth and matrix synthesis. Most of such apparently random biological pictures can be discussed within the context of inflammation. Potential mechanisms by which AngII exerts a wide variety of effector functions may be in part due to
Acknowledgements
The author’s papers cited in this review have been supported by grants from Japan Health Science Foundacion, Juntendo University Alumni Association, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria FIS (98/3143, 99/3016, 01/3130, 01/0605), Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (08.4/0017/2000, 08.9/002/2000, 98/083/0002, 08.9/0002/2001), Ministerios de Educación y Ciencia y tecnologı́a (PM97/0085; SAF 2001/0717), Sociedad Española de Nefrologı́a, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo and European grant
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