Abstract
B cells are generally considered to be positive regulators of the immune response because of their capability to produce antibodies, including autoantibodies. The production of antibodies facilitates optimal CD4+ T-cell activation because B cells serve as antigen-presenting cells and exert other modulatory functions in immune responses. However, certain B cells can also negatively regulate the immune response by producing regulatory cytokines and directly interacting with pathogenic T cells via cell-to-cell contact. These types of B cells are defined as regulatory B (Breg) cells. The regulatory function of Breg cells has been demonstrated in mouse models of inflammation, cancer, transplantation, and particularly in autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the recent advances that lead to the understanding of the development and function of Breg cells and the implications of B cells in human autoimmune diseases.
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Acknowledgements
The authors dedicate this review manuscript to Dr Dennis G Osmond at McGill University for his mentorship. Dr Lu is a Croucher Senior Research Fellow supported by Hong Kong Croucher Foundation. This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010 CB 529100) and Research Grants Council of Hong Kong. The authors apologize to those researchers whose work could not be cited due to space limitations.
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Yang, M., Rui, K., Wang, S. et al. Regulatory B cells in autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 10, 122–132 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2012.60
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