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CD200 as a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukaemia

Leukemia volume 21, pages 566–568 (2007)Cite this article

The CD200 gene (aka MOX-2, OX-2) is located on chromosome 3 and encodes a type-1 membrane glycoprotein.1 This protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on many different cell types including T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells.2 CD200 binds multiple membrane receptor isoforms (CD200R) which have a more tissue restricted expression.3, 4 The best characterized isoform, CD200R1, has a longer cytoplasmic tail containing three conserved tyrosine residues that can be phosphorylated.1 These phosphorylated residues interact with signalling adaptor molecules such as Shc, suggesting that the CD200R1 can signal upon binding CD200 ligand providing a more localized response than that provided by cytokines.5 Although CD200(−/−)-deficient mice appear grossly normal and live a normal lifespan, they are susceptible to tissue-specific autoimmunity, suggesting that the function of this protein is to induce immune suppression through the CD200R.6 CD200 also appears to have an alternative role in regulating osteoclast development.7 In leukaemia, CD200 has been shown to be upregulated in B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.8 More recently, CD200 has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with multiple myeloma.9 In this latter study, expression of CD200 was associated with a bad prognosis. Here we report that in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), there is a correlation between CD200 expression and the presence of the core binding factor (CBF) associated abnormalities, t(8;21) and inv(16). However, at the same time CD200 expression was linked to worse overall survival in other AML subsets. These data indicate that CD200 is also of prognostic value in AML.

We also examined the correlation of level of CD200 gene expression with AML subtype (Figure 1c). As might be expected from the high frequency of CD200present patients in t(8;21) leukaemias, these patients also significantly overexpressed CD200 by 1.8-fold when compared to FAB-M2 patients without this cytogenetic abnormality (P=0.03). Induction of CD200 may be a direct consequence of AML1-ETO expression, because human primary cells transduced with this fusion gene also overexpress CD200 (A.Tonks, submitted). Furthermore, patients expressing an inv(16) mutation (generally associated with FAB-M4) also significantly overexpressed CD200 when compared to M4 patients without an inv(16) mutation (1.3-fold; P=0.02). Additionally, Cox regression shows that, when adjusted for the type of leukaemia, the level of CD200 expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival (P=0.04). This data suggests that CD200 may have independent prognostic value in AML.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Amanda Gilkes and Megan Musson (Cardiff University) for their technical assistance in processing microarray samples. We are grateful to the MRC for access to material from patients enrolled in the NCRI clinical trials. AT was supported by Leukaemia Research, UK.

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  1. Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    A Tonks, R Hills, P White, B Rosie, K I Mills, A K Burnett & R L Darley

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  1. A Tonks
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Correspondence to A Tonks.

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Tonks, A., Hills, R., White, P. et al. CD200 as a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 21, 566–568 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2404559

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