Original ResearchFull Report: Clinical—Alimentary TractIncidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All 50 United States, From 2000 Through 2012
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
We obtained HCC incidence data from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) registry. The USCS registry is the official data source for federal government–reported cancer incidence statistics. It compiles data on all incident cancer cases reported in 2 primary sources, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries, which includes all population-based state cancer registries, and the SEER program, which includes 14 population-based cancer registries and
Results
There were 236,290 HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 in the USCS registry (Table 1). In 2012 alone there were 24,696 new HCC cases, representing a 115% increase in the absolute numbers of cases reported in 2000 (n = 11,469). The age-adjusted incidence rate for HCC increased from 4.4/100,000 (95% CI, 4.3–4.5) in 2000 to 6.7/100,000 (95% CI, 6.6–6.8) in 2012, representing an AAPC of 3.5% (95% CI, 3.3%–3.8%; P < .001). Joinpoint regression identified 1 significant cut-off point (2009) and
Discussion
In the population-based data representing all 50 US states, we found that the overall age-adjusted incidence rates for HCC increased between 2000 and 2012 from 4.4/100,000 to 6.7/100,000. Most of the increase in incidence rates occurred by 2009, with a significant 4.5% average APC between 2000 and 2009, followed by a lower nonsignificant average change of 0.7% per year between 2010 and 2012. The small increases in annual age-adjusted incidence rates since 2010 (from 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7/100,000 in
Acknowledgment
Donna White, Jessica Davila, and Hashem El-Serag were responsible for research inception; Donna White, Hashem El-Serag, and Aaron Thrift performed the analysis; Donna White, Aaron Thrift, Fasiha Kanwal, and Hashem El-Serag were responsible for the interpretation of results; Donna White, Aaron Thrift, and Hashem El-Serag wrote the manuscript; and Donna White, Jessica Davila, Fasiha Kanwal, Aaron Thrift, and Hashem El-Serag were responsible for the critical review of the manuscript.
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Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.
Funding This research was supported in part by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP150587), the National Cancer Institute (CA190776 and CA125123), the National Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Disease Institute (DK 56338, DK078154A, and DK095082), and the Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovations (CIN13-413). The National Institutes of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Cancer Institute, the US Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas played no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or publication of these results.