Chest
Impact of Basic Research on Tomorrow's MedicineAnti-Inflammatory Cytokines
Section snippets
IL-1ra
IL-1ra is a 152-amino-acid protein that functions as a specific inhibitor of the two other functional members of the IL-1 family, IL-1α and IL-1β.3, 12 The human gene for IL-1ra is on the long arm of chromosome 2 in close proximity to the genes for IL-1α and IL-1β. Genetic evidence indicates that IL-1ra diverged from an ancestral IL-1 gene as a partial duplication event early in vertebrate evolution.12, 13 IL-1ra shares approximately 26% amino acid sequence homology with IL-1β and 19% homology
Soluble Cytokine Receptors as Anti-inflammatory Molecules
Both type 1 (p55) and type 2 (p75) receptors for human TNF-α may exist on the cell membrane as a signal-transducing unit or in a soluble form in the extracellular fluid. The extracellular domain of both TNF receptors may be solubilized into the systemic circulation, and they retain the capacity to bind TNF-α ligands at affinity levels that are comparable to those of membrane-bound TNF receptors.88 Soluble receptors compete with membrane-bound receptors for TNF binding. High amounts of soluble
Physiologic Role of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Cytokine Inhibitors
A complex network of cytokines is generated in response to a systemic immune challenge. It is the net effect of interactions between these proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules over time that determines the nature of the immune response in individual patients.1, 48, 11 Microbial pathogens may actually use components of the cytokine network to their own advantage. A number of DNA viruses synthesize soluble TNF receptor and IL-1 receptors.99, 100 Epstein-Barr virus mediates the
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