Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule is mainly expressed on functionally "exhausted" CD8(+) T cells, dampening the host antitumor immune response. We evaluated the ratio between effective and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and PD-1 expression as a prognostic factor for operable breast cancer patients. A series of 218 newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer patients who had undergone primary surgery at Ruijin Hospital were identified. The influence of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, FOXP3(+) (Treg cell marker), and PD-1(+) immune cell counts on prognosis was analyzed utilizing immunohistochemistry. Both PD-1(+) immune cells and FOXP3(+) Tregs counts were significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic factors. In bivariate, but not multivariate analysis, high tumor infiltrating PD-1(+) cell counts correlated with significantly shorter patient survival. Our results suggest a prognostic value of the PD-1(+) immune cell population in such breast cancer patients. Targeting the PD-1 pathway may be a feasible approach to treating patients with breast cancer.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / analysis*
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Apoptosis / immunology
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Breast Neoplasms / immunology*
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Breast Neoplasms / mortality
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Breast Neoplasms / radiotherapy
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Breast Neoplasms / surgery
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / chemistry
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / pathology
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / immunology*
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / mortality
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / radiotherapy
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Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / surgery
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Carcinoma, Lobular / immunology
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Carcinoma, Lobular / mortality
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Carcinoma, Lobular / pathology
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Carcinoma, Lobular / radiotherapy
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Carcinoma, Lobular / surgery
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Disease-Free Survival
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Female
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Follow-Up Studies
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Forkhead Transcription Factors / analysis
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Humans
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Kaplan-Meier Estimate
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Lymphocyte Count
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Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / chemistry
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Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / immunology*
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Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / pathology
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Mastectomy
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Middle Aged
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Prognosis
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / analysis*
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Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
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Survival Analysis
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / chemistry
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / pathology
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / chemistry
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / pathology
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / chemistry
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / pathology
Substances
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Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
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FOXP3 protein, human
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Forkhead Transcription Factors
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PDCD1 protein, human
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor