Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition characterized by pain during joint movement.
Additionally, patients with advanced disease experience pain at rest (ie, ongoing pain) that …

Background Emerging data suggest predictive biomarkers based on the spatial
arrangement of cells or coexpression patterns in tissue sections will play an important role in …

Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain state characterized by
intense, piercing spasms of the orofacial region, and may be attributable to abnormal pain …

Objective: Ample behavioral and neurobiological evidence links sleep and affective
functioning. Recent self-report evidence suggests that the affective problems associated with …

Background Stress is the most commonly reported migraine trigger. Dynorphin, an
endogenous opioid peptide acting preferentially at kappa opioid receptors (KORs), is a key …

Abstract Study Objectives Females demonstrate heightened central sensitization (CS), a risk
factor for chronic pain characterized by enhanced responsivity of central nervous system …

Background Acute and persistent post-traumatic headache are often debilitating
consequences of traumatic brain injury. Underlying physiological mechanisms of post …

The amygdala is a key subcortical region believed to contribute to emotional components of
pain. As opioid receptors are found in both the central (CeA) and basolateral (BLA) nuclei of …

Objective The objective of this study was the determination of the role of calcitonin gene-
related peptide (CGRP) in the induction of medication overuse headache (MOH)-related …

Problematic prescription opioid use is cited as a primary contributor to the current 'opioid
epidemic'in the United States, which is characterized by recent rapid increases in individuals …