Objectives and background: This study investigated the expression of key mediators that
regulate differentiation of osteoclasts, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) …

This paper describes the structure and function of the normal synovium including the cellular
content, nerve and vascular supply and how normal synovium maintains homeostasis within …

Background: Synovial biopsies are used to study synovial immunopathology and are
increasingly applied for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies in chronic arthritis …

The advent of biologic agents targeted against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and
interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor has successfully suppressed inflammation in many individuals …

Background: Modulation of Jak-STAT signalling may provide an effective therapeutic
strategy in inflammatory arthritis. Objective: To document Jak-STAT expression in a cohort of …

Paired synovial tissue samples were obtained from both clinically uninvolved (CU) and
clinically involved (CI) knee joints of eight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In addition …

The synovium is the soft tissue lining diarthrodial joints, tendon sheaths and bursae and is
composed of intimal and subintimal layers. The intimal layer is composed of type A cells …

Objective The transforming growth factor β superfamily member macrophage inhibitory
cytokine 1 (MIC‐1) is expressed upon macrophage activation, regulated by the p53 …

Immune checkpoint blockade with therapeutic anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated
antigen (CTLA)-4 (Ipilimumab) and anti-programmed death (PD)-1 (Nivolumab and …

Background Plasmablasts and plasma cells play a key role in many autoimmune diseases,
such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was …