Background Immunotherapy has become an important treatment option for patients with
advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, none of these existing …

Epithelial‐mesenchyme transitions (EMTs) are familiar to all scholars of development. Each
animal system utilizes an EMT to produce mesenchyme cells. In vertebrates, for example …

The Receptor Tyrosine kinase (RTK) and TGF-β signaling pathways play essential roles
during development in many organisms and regulate a plethora of cellular responses. From …

Bladder dysfunction is a common complication after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Patients
may experience renal function loss, urinary tract infection (UTI), urolithiasis, bladder cancer …

Purpose: Leptomeningeal metastases are more common in non–small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. The diagnosis is difficult by traditional imaging only, and …

The objective was to evaluate the use of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection in children with
medically refractory neurogenic bladder. A systematic review of the literature was conducted …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that disrupts ER function can occur in response to a wide
variety of cellular stress factors leads to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins …

In metazoans, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for placing
the mesoderm beneath the ectoderm. Primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) at the vegetal pole …

A subset of patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) present with mutation of Cu/Zn
superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and such mutants caused an ALS-like disorder when …

The Wnt pathways are evolutionarily well-conserved signal transduction pathways that are
known to play important roles in all Metazoans investigated to date. Here, we examine the …