Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pivotal cytokine with a diverse repertoire of physiological
functions that include regulation of immune cell proliferation and differentiation …

The proteasome system is a central component of a cascade of proteolytic processing steps
required to generate antigenic peptides presented at the cell surface to cytotoxic T …

Abstract Interferon-regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is essential for the development of T helper type
2 cells. Here we show that IRF4 is also critical for the generation of interleukin 17–producing …

The cellular sources of interleukin 6 (IL-6) that are relevant for differentiation of the TH17
subset of helper T cells remain unclear. Here we used a novel strategy for the conditional …

Peptide generation by the proteasome is rate-limiting in MHC class I-restricted antigen
presentation in response to IFN-γ. IFN-γ-induced de novo formation of immunoproteasomes …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis and prevent inflammatory and
autoimmune responses. During development, thymocytes bearing a moderately self-reactive …

Activation of naive CD8+ T cells with antigen in the absence of skewing cytokines triggers
their differentiation into effector CTL, which induces death of target cells. We show that CD8+ …

IL-17–producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells are detectible in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions;
however, their contribution to the disease is unknown. To identify functions of Tc17 cells, we …

The integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) is used by encephalitogenic T cells to enter the central nervous
system (CNS). However, both Th1 and Th17 cells are capable of inducing experimental …

Mice that lack interleukin-23 (IL-23) are resistant to T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Although
IL-23 is a maturation factor for T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a subset of γδ T cells expresses the …