Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the focus of intensive efforts worldwide directed not
only at elucidating their nature and unique properties but also developing cell-based …

Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles
such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Bone remodeling depends on the precise coordination of bone resorption and subsequent
bone formation. Disturbances of this process are associated with skeletal diseases, such as …

Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent and debilitating joint disorder. There is no effective
medical therapy for the condition because of limited understanding of its pathogenesis. We …

Osteogenesis during bone modeling and remodeling is coupled with angiogenesis. A recent
study showed that a specific vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), the most abundant growth factor in the bone matrix,
maintains bone mass in adulthood. We now report that IGF-1 released from the bone matrix …

Cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are functionally
immature, but this is improved by incorporation into engineered tissues or forced contraction …

Human exposure to perfluorinated compounds is a worldwide phenomenon; however,
routes of human exposure to these compounds have not been well-characterized. Fifty-four …

Crop improvement by inbreeding often results in fitness penalties and loss of genetic
diversity. We introduced desirable traits into four stress-tolerant wild-tomato accessions by …